Küreselleşme, doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar ve gelir dağılımı üzerine karşılaştırmalı bir analiz

Son 30-40 yıl öncesinden itibaren büyük bir hızla gerçekleşmekte olan küreselleşme sürecinde, küreselleşmenin en önemli araçlarından biri olarak doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Klasik iktisat teorisine göre küreselleşme ve doğrudan yabancı yatırımların gelir dağılımı üzerinde olumlu etkileri söz konusudur. Literatürde bu konuda yapılan çalışmalarda farklı sonuçlar ortaya çıktığı görülmüştür. Bazı çalışmalarda olumlu etkiler ortaya çıkarken, bazı çalışmalarda olumsuz etkiler ortaya çıkmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra küreselleşme ve doğrudan yabancı yatırımların gelir eşitsizliği üzerinde etkisi olmadığı sonucuna ulaşan çalışmalar da mevcuttur.Çalışmanın temel amacı, 1980-2014 yılları arası yıllık veriler kullanılarak 16 gelişmekte olan ve 16 gelişmiş ülkede küreselleşme ve doğrudan yabancı yatırımların gelir eşitsizliğini olumsuz etkileyip etkilemediğini dinamik panel veri analizleriyle ortaya koymaktır. Elde edilen analiz sonuçları, küreselleşmenin gelir eşitsizliğini artırdığını ortaya koymaktadır. Farklı modellerle analiz yapıldığında ekonomik küreselleşme ile doğrudan yabancı yatırımların gelir eşitsizliğini azalttığı, sosyal ve politik küreselleşmenin, gelir eşitsizliğinin artma sebebi olduğu görülmüştür. Bu sonuçlara göre ülkelerin küreselleşmeden yarar sağlamak ve olumsuz etkilerinden korunmak için uygulayacakları iktisat politikaları önem kazanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Küreselleşme, Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar, Gelir Eşitsizliği, Panel Eşbütünleşme

A comparative analysis on globalization, foreign direct investment and income distribution

Foreign direct investment plays an important role as one of the most important tools of globalization in the process of globalization, which has been taking place rapidly since the last 30-40 years. According to the classical economic theory, the positive effects of globalization and income distribution of foreign direct investments are mentioned. It has been seen in the literature that different results have emerged in studies conducted in this respect. While some studies show positive effects, some studies show negative effects. There are also studies that have reached the conclusion that globalization and foreign direct investment have no impact on income inequality.The main objective of the study is to demonstrate whether globalization and foreign direct investment in 16 developing and 16 developed countries negatively affect income inequality using annual data between 1980 and 2014 by means of dynamic panel data analysis. The analysis results show that globalization increases income inequality. When analyzed with different models, it is seen that economic globalization and FDI reduces the income inequality and social and political globalization is the reason for increasing income inequality. According to these results, the economic policy to be applied by the countries in order to benefit from globalization and to protect them from adverse effects gains importance.

Keywords:

Globalization, Foreign Direct Investment, Income Inequality, Panel Cointegration,

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