Fen Bilimleri Öğretmenlerinin STEM Eğitimine Yönelik Metaforik Algıları

Bu araştırmanın amacı; fen bilimleri öğretmenlerinin STEM eğitimine yönelik metaforik algılarını belirlemektir. Fen bilimleri öğretmenlerinin oluşturdukları metaforlar, Dünya Ekonomik Forumunun Mesleklerin Geleceği Raporu’nda (2018) gelecekte bireylerde en çok olması gereken beceri alanlarına göre yorumlanmıştır. Çalışmada, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olgu bilim deseni kullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubu STEM eğitimi almış 84 fen bilimleri öğretmeninden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada katılımcılar STEM eğitimi ile ilgili herhangi bir olumsuz metafor üretmemişlerdir. 84 geçerli metafor, “Analitik Düşünme ve İnovasyon / Yaratıcılık, Özgünlük ve Girişkenlik”, “Aktif Öğrenme ve Öğrenme Stratejileri”, “Teknoloji Tasarımı ve Programlama”, “Eleştirel Düşünme ve Analiz”, “Karmaşık Problem Çözme / Akıl Yürütme, Problem Çözme ve Kavrama”, “Liderlik ve Sosyal Etki” ve “Duygusal Zekâ” kategorileri kullanılarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Yapılan gruplandırmalarda en çok metafor üretilen kategoriler “Liderlik ve Sosyal Etki”, “Karmaşık Problem Çözme / Akıl Yürütme, Problem Çözme ve Kavrama”, “Analitik Düşünme ve İnovasyon / Yaratıcılık, Özgünlük ve Girişkenlik” şeklinde iken, en az metaforlar “Duygusal Zekâ, “Teknoloji Tasarım ve Programlama” ve “Eleştirel Düşünme ve Analiz” kategorilerinde oluşturulmuştur. Yapılan çalışmada STEM eğitiminin 21. Yüzyıl becerileri ve 21.yüzyıl becerileri ile paralellik gösteren Dünya Ekonomik Forumu tarafından belirlenen becerileri geliştirdiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu bağlamda STEM eğitimi öğretim programlarına daha fazla entegre edilebilir ve STEM eğitiminin uygulayıcılarından olan fen bilimleri öğretmenlerine hizmet içi eğitimlerle STEM eğitimi zorunluluğu getirilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

STEM eğitimi, Metaforik algı, WEF becerileri, 21.yy becerileri

The Metaphorical Perceptions of Science Teachers Regarding STEM Education

The aim of this research is to specify the metaphorical perceptions of science teachers regarding STEM education. The metaphors created by science teachers are interpreted in the World Economic Forum’s Future of Jobs Report (2018) according to the skills that should be the most likely in individuals in the future. In this study, phenomenology pattern which is a method of qualitative research has been used. The study group consists of 84 science teachers with STEM education. The participants did not produce any negative metaphors related to the STEM education. 84 valid metaphors are classified using categories such as “Analytical Thinking and Innovation / Creativity, Originality and Sociability”, “Active Learning and Learning Strategies”, “Technology Design and Programming”, “Critical Thinking and Analysis”, “Complex Problem Solving/Reasoning, Problem Solving and Understanding”, “Leadership and Social Impact” and “Emotional Intelligence”. The most metaphors produced categories are “Leadership and Social Impact”, “Complex Problem Solving / Reasoning, Problem Solving and Understanding”, “Analytical Thinking and Innovation / Creativity, Originality and Sociability”, while the least metaphors produced categories are “Emotional Intelligence”, “Technology Design and Programming” and “Critical Thinking and Analysis”. In this study, it has been concluded that STEM education develops 21st century skills which parallels with World Economic Forum. In this context, STEM education can be more integrated into the teaching programs. Moreover, science teachers who are practitioners of STEM education may be required to have STEM education with in-service training.

Keywords:

STEM education, Metaphoric Perception, WEF skills, 21st century skills,

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