Polikristal Tür bir Fotovoltaik Panelin I-V Karakteristiğinin Analitik Modellenmesi ve Deneysel Doğrulanması

Fotovoltaik hücreler, güneşten gelen elektromanyetik enerjiyi elektrik enerjisine dönüştüren enerji dönüşümsistemleridir. Bu çalışmada 40°42’52.2”K, 31°31’29.8”D koordinatlarında kurulu bulunan 36 hücreli polikristaltür bir güneş paneli, çeşitli sensörler ve veri kaydedici cihazlar kullanılarak hazırlanan deney düzeneğitemelinde; i) güneş ışınım şiddetinin fotovoltaik panel üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi, ii) fotovoltaik panelinakım-voltaj (I-V) karakteristiğinin incelenmesi, iii) fotovoltaik panelden elde edilen akım-voltaj eğrilerininliteratürdeki modeller ile karşılaştırılması ve doğrulanması amaçlanmıştır. Söz konusu fotovoltaik panel içinfarklı güneş ışınım şiddetinde ve farklı sıcaklıklarda ölçülen I-V karakteristikleri; 4-değişkenli, 5-değişkenli,geliştirilmiş 4-değişkenli ve 2-diyotlu model olmak üzere toplam 4 farklı analitik model kullanılarakmodellenmiş ve doğrulanmıştır. I-V ilişkisini tanımlayan analitik denklemler Visual Basic programlama dilikullanılarak çözümlenmiştir. Modellerden elde edilen sonuçlar ile ölçülen değerler arasındaki karşılaştırma R² veRMSE olmak üzere 2 istatistiksel parametre üzerinden gerçekleştirilmiştir. Farklı ışınım değerleri ve sıcaklıklariçin modellerden elde edilen sonuçlar ile ölçüm değerleri karşılaştırıldığında ?2 değerlerinin %95,86 ile %99,86arasında, RMSE değerlerinin ise 0,093 ile 0,861 değiştiği gözlenmektedir. Elde edilen sonuçların istatistikselanalizi; bu çalışma kapsamında kullanılan 4 farklı model içerisinde, geliştirilmiş 4-değişkenli modelin diğermodellere göre daha başarılı tahmin sonuçlarına yol açtığını göstermektedir.

Analytical Modelling and Experimental Validation of the I-V Characteristics of a Polycrystalline Type of Photovoltaic Panel

Photovoltaic cells are energy conversion systems that convert the electromagnetic energy coming from the sun to electrical energy. In this study, based on an experimental facility, incorporating a polycrystalline photovoltaic panel made up of 36 cells, various sensors and a data logger device, located at the coordinates of 40°42’52.2”N, 31°31’29.8”E, the followings are aimed; i) investigation of the effect of solar radiation intensity on the photovoltaic panel, ii) investigation of the current-voltage characteristics of the photovoltaic panel, and iii) comparison of the current-voltage curves measured from the photovoltaic panel with those obtained from the models available in the literature and thus validation. The current-voltage characteristics of the photovoltaic panel measured at different solar radiation and temperature levels have presently been modelled and validated using a total of 4 different analytical models namely, 4-parameter, 5-parameter, improved 4-parameter and 2- diode models. The equations defining the current-voltage relationship have been solved using Visual Basic programming language. The comparison between the results obtained from the solutions of the models and those measured has been made based on the statistical parameters of R² and RMSE. When the results obtained from the models and the measurements for various solar radiation and temperature values are compared, it is seen that ? 2 values vary from %95,86 to %99,86 and the RMSE values from 0,093 to 0,861. The statistical analysis of the results obtained has shown that amongst the 4 different models used in the present thesis, the improved 4- parameter model leads to better estimation results than the other models used.

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