GEÇİŞ EKONOMİLERİNDE SEKTÖREL İSTİHDAMIN YABANCI BANKA GİRİŞLERİNE ETKİSİNİ BELİRLEMEYE YÖNELİK BİR UYGULAMA (1990–2010)

Dünya ekonomilerinde yabancı sahipliği bankacılık sisteminde de kendini göstermiştir. İstikrarlı bir ekonomi için güçlü ve rekabetçi bir bankacılık sistemi gereklidir. Geçiş ekonomilerinin bankacılık sektörünün gelişiminde yabancı bankalar önemli bir rol oynamıştır. Bu çalışma; geçiş ekonomilerinde sektörsel istihdam değişkenlerinin yabancı banka girişlerine etkisini araştırmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın orijinalliği; yabancı banka girişlerinin belirleyicilerinden olan istihdam değişkeninin sektörsel biçimde incelenmesidir. Bu çerçevede yabancı banka girişlerinin belirleyicileri arasında; tarım, sanayi ve hizmetler sektörü istihdam büyümeleri çalışmanın modeline dâhil edilmiştir. Çalışmada 27 geçiş ekonomisinin 1990–2010 döneminde Panel Veri Analizi yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre kontrol değişkenleri; şehirleşme büyüme oranı, toplam nüfus büyüme oranı, kişi başına düşen kredi miktarı ve doğrudan yabancı yatırımın GSYİH içindeki payı pozitif yönlü ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı sonuçlar vermiştir. Bununla birlikte; toplam krediler içindeki yerine getirilmeyen kredilerin payı ve enflasyon oranları yabancı banka girişleri üzerinde negatif yönlü ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı sonuçlar vermiştir. Sadece döviz kurları istatistiksel olarak anlamsız sonuçlar vermiştir. Sektörsel istihdam değişkenleri düşünüldüğünde ise; sanayi sektörü istihdam büyümesi ve hizmetler sektörü istihdam büyümesi değişkenlerinin yabancı banka girişleri üzerinde pozitif yönlü ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkisi bulunmuştur. Diğer taraftan; tarım sektörü istihdam değişkenlerinin yabancı banka girişleri üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkisi bulunamamıştır

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Yabancı Bankalar, Geçiş Ekonomileri, Yabancı Sahipliği, Sektörsel İstihdam

GEÇİŞ EKONOMİLERİNDE SEKTÖREL İSTİHDAMIN YABANCI BANKA GİRİŞLERİNE ETKİSİNİ BELİRLEMEYE YÖNELİK BİR UYGULAMA (1990–2010)

Foreign ownership has standed out in banking sectors of world economies. Substantial and competitive banking system is required for a stable economy. Foreign banks have played an important role in development of banking sector in transition economies. This paper investigates the effects of employment variables on foreign bank entries in transition economies. This paper’s difference is to search sectoral determinants of foreign bank entries for employment variables. In this context, paper has main models that include agriculture, industry and service sectors of employment as determinants of foreign bank entries. This study uses Panel Data Analysis for 1990–2010 period in 27 transition economies. According to results, control variables that are urbanization growth rate, total population growth rate, credit per capita and the ratio of foreign direct investment to GDP have been shown to be positevly and statistically significant related to foreign bank entries. On the other hand, the ratio of non-performing loans to total loans and inflation rates have significantly negative sign on foreign bank entries. Exchange rates is only found statistically insignificant among all control variables. Employment growth of industy sector and employment growth of service sector have had a significantly positive impact on foreign bank entries. Conversely, employment growth of agriculture sector haven’t been a significantly effect on foreign bank entries

Keywords:

Foreign Banks, Transition Economies, Foreign Ownership, Sectoral Employment,

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