KALKINMADA EĞİTİM SÜRECİNİN İKTİSADİ ANALİZİ

Fiziki sermayenin yanı sıra insan sermayesi, büyüme ve kalkınma sürecini etkileyen önemli bir unsurdur. 1980’li yılların sonuna doğru neo-klasik iktisatçılar tarafından ileri sürülen yakınsama teorisinin reddedilmesiyle içsel büyüme kuramları doğru ortaya çıkmıştır. İçsel büyüme kuramları iktisadi büyümeye etki eden faktörlerden biri olarak kabul edilen insan sermayesi değişkenini dikkate almaktadır. Bu doğrultu da yapılan çalışmalarda insana yatırım düzeyini etkileyen eğitim, sağlık, ar-ge harcamaları gibi faktörlere yapılan yatırımların iktisadi büyümeyi etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, eğitim harcamalarında meydana gelen değişimin ülkelerin uluslararası alanda katıldığı sınavlardan olan TIMMS ve PISA sınavı puanları ile arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amacıyla sınava katılan ülkeler üzerinden analiz yapılmıştır. Ülkelerin orta öğretime yaptığı eğitim yatırımları ve TIMMS sınavı 1995-2015 yıllarında matematik ve fen puanları alınmıştır. Ayrıca, PISA sınavı 2000-2015 yılları arasında okuma, fen ve matematik sınavı puanları ele alınarak rassal etki panel veri modeli yapısında genelleştirilmiş en küçük kareler yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda PISA ve TIMMS sınavında ülkelerin iktisadi büyümeleri ile eğitim kalitesi arasındaki istatistiksel olarak anlamsız olduğu, ülke bazında incelendiğinde ise bazı ülkelerin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu sonuçları elde edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

PISA, TIMMS, Eğitim Harcaması, Panel Veri Modeli

ECONOMICS ANALYSIS OF EDUCATION PROCESS IN DEVELOPMENT

In addition to physical capital, human capital is an important factor affecting growth and development process. Towards the end of the 1980s, the theory of internal growth emerged as a result of the rejection of the theory of convergence proposed by neo-classical economists. The internal growth theories take into account the human capital variable, which is considered to be one of the factors affecting economic growth. In this study, it has been concluded that investments in factors such as education, health and R & D expenditures affecting the level of investment in human affect the economic growth. In this study, an analysis was conducted on the countries participating in the exam in order to determine the relationship between the TIMMS and PISA test scores, which are the exams of the countries where the change in education expenditures took place internationally. Maths and science scores were taken from the educational investments of the countries for secondary education and for the TIMMS exam in 1995-2015. In addition, PISA exam, 2000-2015 years, reading, science and math exam scores were taken in the generalized least-squares method of random effect panel data model was used. In the PISA and TIMMS examinations, it was found that the countries were statistically insignificant between the economic growth and the quality of education and the results were statistically significant.

Keywords:

PISA, TIMMS, Educational Expenditure, Panel Data Model,

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