L-Sistein Derişimine Bağlı -Zn(OH)2 Oluşumu ve Kalsinasyon Ürünleri Olarak Farklı Morfolojideki ZnO Yapıları

L-sistein katkı maddesi kullanılarak çinko nitrat ve sodyum hidroksitin çöktürme işlemiyle elde edilen ürünlerin yapısal karakterizasyonları L-sistein:çinko mol oranının 0.165:1 olduğu sentez koşullarında ?-Zn(OH)2 kristal yapısının oluştuğunu göstermiştir. Örneğin SEM görüntülerinde L-sistein:çinko oranı on kat artırıldığında ise belirgin bir kristal yapı oluşmamıştır. Düşük ve yüksek sistein: çinko oranında sentezlenen örneklerin L-sistein içerikleri sırasıyla % 6.0 ve % 38.4 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Her iki örneğin 700oC'de 2 saat kalsinasyonu ZnO oluşumuyla sonuçlanmıştır. ZnO örneklerinin UV-Vis spektrumlarında 329 nm ve 381 nm'de olmak üzere iki pik gözlenmiştir. Bu örneklerdeki kristal kusurları PL spektroskopisi ile belirlenmiştir

L-Cysteine Concentration Dependent -Zn(OH)2 Formation and ZnO Structures with Different Morphology as Calcination Products

Structural characterization of the precipitation products of zinc nitrate and sodium hydroxide obtained using L-cysteine additive was carried out. XRD analysis showed that -Zn(OH)2 crystal structure formed in the synthesis condition where L-cysteine:zinc molar ratio was 0.165:1. Plate-like morphology, was oberved in the SEM micrograph of this sample. No crystal structure was apparent upon increasing L-cysteine:zinc ratio ten fold. L-cysteine contents of the samples synthesized at low and high L-cysteine:zinc ratios were calculated as 6.0 % and 38.4 %, respectively. Calcination of both samples at 700oC for 2 hours yielded formation of ZnO. In the UV-Vis spectra of the ZnO samples two peaks were observed at 329 nm and 381 nm. Crystal defects of these samples were determined via PL spectroscopy

___

  • [1] Henry, R.J., Berkman, S. 1957. Absorbance of Various Protein-Free filtrates of Serum, Clinical Chemistry, Cilt. 3, s. 711-715.
  • [2] Scopes R. K., Protein Purification: Principles and Practice, 1994. Third Edition, Springer, New York, 173s.
  • [3] Szamos, J., Maczó, A., Gelencsér, É. 2012. Application of Zinc Hydroxide in the Purification of Bean AlphaAmylase Inhibitor, Acta Alimentaria, Cilt. 41, s. 272-276. DOI: 10.1556/AAlim.41.2012.2.14
  • [4] Bae, H.S., Jung, H. 2012. Electron Beam Mediated Simple Synthetic Route to Preparing Layered Zinc Hydroxide, Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society, Cilt. 33, s. 1949-1954. DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2012.33.6.1949
  • [5] Kandare, E., Hossenlopp, J.M. 2005. Hydroxy Double Salt Anion Exchange Kinetics: Effects of Precursor Structure and Anion Size, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Cilt. 109, s. 8469-8475. DOI: 10.1021/jp0465433
  • [6] Thomas, N., Rajamathi, M. 2011. Near 100% Selectivity in Anion Exchange Reactions of Layered Zinc Hydroxy Nitrate, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Cilt. 362, s. 493-496. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.06.078
  • [7] Bull, R.M., Markland, C., Williams, G.R., O'Hare, D. 2011. Hydroxy Double Salts as Versatile Storage and Delivery Matrices, Journal of Materials Chemistry, Cilt. 21, s. 1822-1828. DOI: 10.1039/C0JM03020A
  • [8] Ahmad, R., Hussein, M.Z., Sarijo, S.H., Abdul Kadir, W.R.W., Yun Hin, T.Y. 2016. Synthesis and Characteristics of Valeric AcidZinc Layered Hydroxide Intercalation Material for Insect Pheromone Controlled Release Formulation, Journal of Materials, Cilt. 2016, s. 1285721. DOI: 10.1155/2016/1285721
  • [9] Rogez, G., Massobrio, C., Rabu, P., Drillon, M. 2011. Layered Hydroxide Hybrid Nanostructures: A Route to Multifunctionality, Chemical Society Reviews, Cilt. 40, s. 1031-1058. DOI: 10.1039/C0CS00159G
  • [10] Machovsky, M., Kuritka, I., Sedlák, J., Pastorek, M. 2013. Hexagonal ZnO Porous Plates Prepared from Microwave Synthesized Layered Zinc Hydroxide Sulphate via Thermal Decomposition, Materials Research Bulletin, Cilt. 48, s. 4002-4007. DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2013.06.018
  • [11] Demel, J., Pleštil, J., Bezdička, P., Janda, P., Klementová, M., Lang, K. 2011. Layered Zinc Hydroxide Salts: Delamination, Preferred Orientation of Hydroxide Lamellae, and Formation of ZnO Nanodiscs, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Cilt. 360, s. 532-539. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.04.024
  • [12] Cursino, A.C., Rives, V., Carlos, L.D., Rocha, J., Wypych, F. 2015. Layered Zinc Hydroxide Salts Intercalated with Anionic Surfactants and Adsolubilized with UV Absorbing Organic Molecules, Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, Cilt. 26, s. 1769-1780. DOI: 10.5935/0103- 5053.20150152
  • [13] Lee, J.W., Choi, W.C., Kim, J.D. 2010. Size-Controlled Layered Zinc Hydroxide Intercalated with Dodecyl Sulfate: Effect of Alcohol Type on Dodecyl Sulfate Template, CrystalEngComm, Cilt. 12, s. 3249- 3254. DOI: 10.1039/C002296A
  • [14] Top, A., Çetinkaya, H. 2015. Zinc Oxide and Zinc Hydroxide Formation via Aqueous Precipitation: Effect of the Preparation Route and Lysozyme Addition, Materials Chemistry and Physics, Cilt. 167, s. 77-87. DOI: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2015.10.013
  • [15] Özgür, Ü., Alivov, Y.I., Liu, C., Teke, A., Reshchikov, M., Doğan, S., Avrutin, V., Cho, S.J., Morkoc, H. 2005. A Comprehensive Review of ZnO Materials and Devices, Journal of Applied Physics, Cilt. 98, s. 041301. DOI: 10.1063/1.1992666
  • [16] Djurišić, A.B., Leung, Y.H. 2006. Optical Properties of ZnO Nanostructures, Small, Cilt. 2, s. 944-996. DOI: 10.1002/smll.200600134
  • [17] Murugan, R., Woods, T., Fleming, P., Sullivan, D., Ramakrishna, S. 2014. Synthesis and Photocatalytic Application of ZnO Nanoarrows, Materials Letters, Cilt. 128, s. 404-407. DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2014.04.081
  • [18] Chu, D., Masuda, Y., Ohji, T., Kato, K. 2009. Formation and Photocatalytic Application of ZnO Nanotubes Using Aqueous Solution, Langmuir, Cilt. 26, s. 2811-2815. DOI: 10.1021/la902866a
  • [19] Zhang, Z., Xiong, H.M. 2015. Photoluminescent ZnO Nanoparticles and Their Biological Applications. Materials, Cilt. 8, s. 3101-3127. DOI: 10.3390/ma8063101
  • [20] Al-Sabahi, J., Bora, T., Al-Abri, M., Dutta, J. 2016. Controlled Defects of Zinc Oxide Nanorods for Efficient Visible Light Photocatalytic Degradation of Phenol, Materials, Cilt. 9, s. 238. DOI: 10.3390/ma9040238
  • [21] Schneider, C. A., Rasband, W. S., Eliceiri, K. W. 2012. NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 Years of Image Analysis. Nature Methods, Cilt. 9, s. 671-675. DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.2089
  • [22] Ramadani, A., Pratapa, S. 2015. Line Broadening Correction in X-Ray Diffraction Analysis for Nanomaterials Characterization Using Calcined Yttrium Oxide Powder as a Standard Material. Proceeding of International Conference on Research, Implementation and Education of Mathematics and Sciences, 17-19 Mayıs, Yogyakarta State University, P1-P8.
  • [23] Ghotbi, M. Y. 2010. Synthesis and Characterization of Nano-Sized - Zn(OH)2 and Its Decomposed Product, Nano-Zinc Oxide, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Cilt. 491, s. 420-422. DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.10.214
  • [24] Li, P., Xu, Z,P,, Hampton, M.A., Vu, D,T., Huang, L., Rudolph, V., Nguyen, A.V. 2012. Control Preparation of Zinc Hydroxide Nitrate Nanocrystals and Examination of the Chemical and Structural Stability, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Cilt. 116, s. 10325- 10332. DOI: 10.1021/jp300045u
  • [25] Mohammed, A.V., Arulappan, J.A.P., Sunitha, T. G. 2015. Investigations on Growth and Characterization of L-Cysteine Hydrochloride, Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, Cilt. 7, s. 910-915
  • [26] Aznan, N.A.K., Johan, M.R. 2012. Quantum Size Effect in ZnO Nanoparticles via Mechanical Milling, Journal of Nanomaterials, Cilt. 2012, s. 439010. DOI: 10.1155/2012/439010
  • [27] Giri, P., Bhattacharyya, S., Singh, D.K., Kesavamoorthy, R., Panigrahi, B., Nair, K. 2007. Correlation between Microstructure and Optical Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized by Ball Milling. Journal of Applied Physics, Cilt. 102, s. 093515. DOI: 10.1063/1.2804012
  • [28] Willander, M., Nur, O., Sadaf, J.R., Qadir, M.I., Zaman, S., Zainelabdin, A., Bano, N., Hussain, I. 2010. Luminescence from Zinc Oxide Nanostructures and Polymers and their Hybrid Devices, Materials, Cilt. 3, s. 2643-2667. DOI: 10.3390/ma3042643
  • [29] Liu, D., Lv, Y., Zhang, M., Liu, Y., Zhu, Y., Zong, R., Zhu, Y. 2014. DefectRelated Photoluminescence and Photocatalytic Properties of Porous ZnO Nanosheets, Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Cilt. 2, s. 15377-15388. DOI: 10.1039/c4ta02678k
  • [30] Chen, D., Wang, Z., Ren, T., Ding, H., Yao, W., Zong, R., Zhu, Y. 2014. Influence of Defects on the Photocatalytic Activity of ZnO, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Cilt. 118, s. 15300-15307. DOI: 10.1021/jp5033349
  • [31] Demel, J., Kubát, P., Jirka, I,, Kovár, P,, Pospı́šil, M., Lang, K. 2010. Inorganic−Organic Hybrid Materials: Layered Zinc Hydroxide Salts with Intercalated Porphyrin Sensitizers, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Cilt. 114, s. 16321- 16328. DOI: 10.1021/jp106116n
  • [32] Si, S., Taubert, A., Mantion, A., Rogez, G., Rabu, P. 2012. PeptideIntercalated Layered Metal Hydroxides: Effect of Peptide Chain Length and Side Chain Functionality on Structural, Optical and Magnetic Properties, Chemical Science Cilt. 3, s. 1945-1957. DOI: 10.1039/c2sc01087a
  • [33] Demel, J., Hynek, J., Kovar, P., Dai, Y., Taviot-Gueho, C., Demel, O., Pospisil, M., Lang, K. 2014. Insight into the Structure of Layered Zinc Hydroxide Salts Intercalated with Dodecyl Sulfate Anions, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Cilt. 118, s. 27131-27141. DOI: 10.1021/jp508499g
  • [34] Xue, L., Mei, X., Zhang, W., Yuan, L., Hu, X., Huang, Y., Yanagisawa, K. 2010. Synthesis and Assembly of Zinc Hydroxide Sulfate Large Flakes: Application in Gas Sensor Based on a Novel Surface Mount Technology, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, Cilt. 147, s. 495-501. DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2010.03.016
  • [35] Li, J., Fan, H., Jia, X. 2010. Multilayered ZnO Nanosheets with 3D Porous Architectures: Synthesis and Gas Sensing Application. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Cilt. 114, s. 14684-14691. DOI: 10.1021/jp100792c
  • [36] Begum, G., Manorama, S.V., Singh, S., Rana, R.K. 2008. Morphology‐Controlled Assembly of ZnO Nanostructures: A Bioinspired Method and Visible Luminescence, Chemistry–A European Journal, Cilt. 14, s. 6421-6427. DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800129
  • [37] Vaseem, M., Lee, K.M., Shin, J.K., Hahn, Y.B. 2012. Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles and Their Ink-Jetting Behavior. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Cilt. 12, s. 2380-2386. DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2012.5693
  • [38] Talam, S., Karumuri, S.R., Gunnam, N. 2012. Synthesis, Characterization, and Spectroscopic Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles. ISRN Nanotechnology, Cilt. 2012, s. 372505. DOI: 10.5402/2012/372505
  • [39] Zheng, Y., Chen, C., Zhan, Y., Lin, X., Zheng, Q., Wei, K., Zhu, J., Zhu, Y. 2007. Luminescence and Photocatalytic Activity of ZnO Nanocrystals: Correlation Between Structure and Property, Inorganic Chemistry, Cilt. 46, s. 6675-6682, DOI: 10.1021/ic062394m
  • [40] Zhang, X., Qin, J., Xue, Y., Yu, P., Zhang, B., Wang, L., Liu, R. 2014. Effect of Aspect Ratio and Surface Defects on the Photocatalytic Activity of ZnO Nanorods, Scientific Reports, Cilt 4 s. 4596. DOI: 10.1038/srep04596 1