GÜNAH, HASTALIK YA DA ALTERNATİF BİR YAŞAM BİÇİMİ Mİ? MODERN YAHUDİ MEZHEPLERİNDE HOMOSEKSÜELLİK KONUSUNDA YAŞANAN KIRILMALAR
1960’lardan itibaren artan cinsel özgürlük talepleri neticesinde homoseksüellerin ve onların oluşturduğu hareketlerin sayısının dikkate değer bir şekilde arttığı bilinmektedir. Birçok ülkede homoseksüellik bir suç olarak kabul edilmeye devam etmekle birlikte son yıllarda bu ülkelerin sayısının azalmaya başladığı ve yürütülen kampanyalar neticesinde homoseksüellerin Hollanda, Belçika ve İsveç gibi bazı ülkelerde evlenme ve evlat edinme gibi önemli bazı hukuki kazanımlar elde ettikleri görülmektedir. Bu son durum, aile mefhumuna ve neslin sağlıklı bir şekilde yetiştirilmesine büyük önem veren İslam, Hıristiyanlık ve Yahudilik gibi dinsel geleneklerin din adamlarının öncülük ettiği yoğun tepkilere ve çeşitli protesto gösterilerine yol açmıştır ve açmaya da devam etmektedir. Özellikle son yıllarda Yahudi cemaatleri içinde homoseksüellerin sayısının artmaya başlaması ve dahası evlilik törenlerinin hahamlar tarafından onaylanması ve haham olarak atanmalarına izin verilmesi gibi talepler doğrultusunda homoseksüelliğin Yahudilik için bir meydan okuma olarak görüldüğü söylenebilir. Nitekim Yahudi düşünürleri ve hahamlar bu meydan okumaya dönük farklı söylem ve yaklaşımlar ortaya koymuşlardır. Bu makalede ana hatlarıyla bu yaklaşımlar ve modern Yahudi oluşumlarının/mezheplerinin meseleye bakışları ortaya konulmaya çalışılmaktadır.
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Sin, Sickness or an Alternative Life Style?: Refractions of Modern Jewish Sects on Homosexuality It can be observed that as a consequence of growing demands for sexual freedom starting in the 1960s the number of homosexuals and the movements they formed grew remarkably. Though homosexuality continues to be considered a crime in quite a number of countries, during the past years the number of those countries began to decrease. As a consequence of campaigns, homosexuals in some countries like Holland, Belgium and Sweden obtained some important legal gains such as the rights to marry and to adopt children. This situation evoked and still evokes intensive reactions and various protests led by spiritual leaders of religious traditions as Islam, Christianity and Judaism who attach great importance to the concept of family and to a healthy upbringing of new generations. It is safe to say that for Judaism it is seen as a challenge that during the last years the number of homosexu-‐‑als in its congregations increased, that there are demands for official marriage ceremonies for homo-‐‑sexuals performed by rabbis and for homosexuals to be appointed as rabbis. Jewish thinkers and rabbis have produced different approaches to this challenge. This article tries to put forth the outlines of this approaches and the perspectives of modern Jewish sects or branches on the matter.
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