Kazı Arını Tasarımında Ampirik Yaklaşımların Kullanımı

Maden planlama ve tasarlama süreci, doğal kaynakların etkin bir şekilde kullanılmasını sağlamak ve madencilik sırasında ortaya çıkan maliyetlerin tümünü azaltmak açısından oldukça önemlidir. Yeraltı madenciliğinde seçilecek üretim yöntemine bağlı olarak, kazı arınlarının seyrelme ve cevher kaybını en aza indirecek şekilde tasarlanması gerekmektedir. Bu noktada kaya kütlesi karakterizasyonu ve kazı arını geometrisi gibi parametreleri göz önünde bulunduran ampirik kazı arını tasarımları dikkat çekmektedir. Duraylı kazı arınlarını tasarlamak üzere, ampirik duraylılık grafiği yönteminin de bu kapsamda yaygın olarak kullanıldığı bilinmektedir. Duraylılık grafiği yöntemi ilk olarak kazı arını tasarımlarını yapmak üzere ortaya konulmuş, ardından kazı arını tasarımı konusunda özellikle metal madenlerinde dünya çapında geniş kabul görmüştür. Yöntem, Tünel Kalitesi Q indeksine dayanmakta ve kazı arını tasarımını etkileyen en önemli faktörleri dikkate almaktadır. Duraylılık grafiği yönteminde geçmişten bugüne, kazı arınlarının duraylılık durumunu tahmin etmedeki güvenilirliğini artırmayı amaçlayan çeşitli gelişmeler yaşanmıştır. Bu çalışma öncelikle duraylılık grafiği yöntemini detaylı bir şekilde tanıtmakta ardından bu konuda yapılan gelişmeleri ele almaktadır.

Using Empirical Approaches in Stope Design

The studies in the mine planning and design process are crucial to ensure efficient use of natural resources and reduce the overall cost of mining. In underground mining, stopes should be designed to minimize the dilution and ore loss depending on the production method to be selected. At this point, empirical stope design that takes into account parameters such as the rock mass characterization and stope geometry draws attention. The empirical modified stability graph method to design stable stopes is known widely used in this context. The stability graph was introduced initially for open stope design and then it has gained wide recognition in open stope design around the world especially in metalliferous mining. The method is based on the tunnelling quality index Q and takes into account the most important factors affecting stope design. From the past to the present, there have been several improvements in the stability graph method aimed at increasing the reliability of the stope in predicting the stability status. This study firstly introduces the stability graph method in detail and then discusses the developments in this regard.

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