Kent Geometrisine Bağlı Olarak Kentsel Isı Adası Etkisinin Belirlenmesi: Konya Örneği

Kentsel ısı adası etkisi, kentlerin yapısal yoğunluklarının artması sonucu gözlemlenen olumsuz bir mikroklimatik koşuldur. Çalışmada Konya kenti bağlamında seçilen 4 bölgede, kentsel dokuların geometrik oluşumuna bağlı olarak maksimum kentsel ısı adası etkileri belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar dikkate alındığında, maksimum ısı adası etkisinin, gökyüzü açıklıkların düşük olduğu yoğun kentsel alanlarda yüksek değerlerde olabileceği belirlenmiştir. Gökyüzü açıklık değerleriyle ısı adası etkisi arasında ters orantı söz konusudur. Konya kenti için az yoğun yerleşim alanlarının (yüksek SVF değerleri) planlanması daha uygun bir yaklaşım olabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu durumda, yaz dönemlerinde kent ortamında gece oluşan ısı adası etkisinin azaltılmasının ve kışın da binaların az yoğun yapılaşmaya bağlı olarak güneşten pasif olarak yararlanabilmelerinin mümkün olabileceği belirtilmiştir. Son olarak ülkemiz koşullarında planlama ve tasarım aşamalarında yapılaşma yoğunlukları belirlenirken SVF parametresinin bir girdi olarak değerlendirilmesinin gerekliliğine vurgu yapılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Kentsel ısı adası, Kent geometrisi, Gökyüzü açıklığı, Kentsel planlama, Mimari tasarım

Determination of the Urban Heat Island Effect Related to Urban Geometry the Example of Konya

Urban heat island effect is a negative microclimatic condition observed as a result of the increasing of the cities density. In this study, the maximum urban heat island effects were determined according to the geometric formation of urban fabric of 4 areas selected in the context of Konya city. According to the obtained results, it was determined that maximum urban heat island effect has high intensity in dense urban areas where the sky opening values are low. There is an inverse relationship between sky opening values and heat island effect. It was concluded that planning urban areas with low density (high SVF values) for Konya city would be a more appropriate approach. In this case, it may be possible to reduce nocturnal heat island effect during the summer period in urban environment and the possibility for buildings to benefit from the sun in a passive way due to the less construction density. Finally, emphasis was made on the evaluation necessity of SVF parameter as a input in determination of construction densities in the planning and design phases in our country conditions.

Keywords:

Urban heat island, Urban geometry, Sky opening, Urban planning, Architectural design,

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