Hatice Demirag, Sakine Boyraz

Diabetes Risk Assessment with Blood Parameters of The First Degree Relatives of Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the diabetes risk in first degree relatives of Type-2 diabetic patients who were not diagnosed with diabetes and test the validity of the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISK) in determining the risk of type-2 diabetes. Methods: First degree relatives of patients who were hospitalized in “İzmir Katip Çelebi University Atatürk Training and Research Hospital”, who were not diagnosed with diabetes before, were included in this cross-sectional study. The sample of the research consisted of 200 people determined by power analysis. Data were collected by “a structured question form” and the FINRISK scale. Participants’ height, weight, waist circumference were measured by the researcher, and venous fasting blood glucose (FBG) with Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) were taken by the researcher. Results: The average age of the participants was 46.93 ± 14.83 (18-86). It was determined that the vast majority of the individuals participating in the study were female (65%), 63% were married, 50.5% received high school or higher education, and 59% worked in an income-generating job. The findings was indicated that 41.5% of the participants were in the ‘high-risk group’ for type-2 diabetes according to the FINDRISK score scale. Sensitivity of FINDRISK score to FBG was 100% and specificity was 60%. Conclusion: As a result of findings in this study indicate that It was determined that the risk of DM was high in the first degree relatives of the patients hospitalized with Type-2 DM and the FINDRISK score scale was a good scale in predicting new asymptomatic Type 2 diabetes.

Keywords:

Risk for diabetes, FINDRISK, type 2 DM FBG, HbA1c,

PDF

___

International Diabetes Federation, 2014. https://www.idf.org/sites/default/files/Atlas-poster-2014_EN.pdf.
International Diabetes Federation, 2013. http://www.idf.org/signs-and-symptoms-diabetes. (Erişim tarihi: 19.11.2013).
World Health Organization, 10 facts about diabetes, November 2014. http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/diabetes/facts/en/ (Erişim Tarihi 01.06.2015)
Ulusal Diabetes Kongresi Konsensus Group. diabetes mellitus tanı, sınıflama ve izlem ilkeleri.In:Diabetes Tanı ve Treatment Rehberi 2011.sf.18-37.
American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes-2014. doi: 10.2337/dc14-S014; Diabetes Care January 2014 vol. 37 no. Supplement 1; S14-S80. http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/37/Supplement_1/S14.full.pdf±html.
McPhee ST, Hammur GD. Hastalıkların Patofizyolojisi, Çev.: Çoban E ve Süleymanlar G, Palme Yayıncılık, Ankara, 2012.
Sağlık Bakanlığı. Türkiye Diyabet önleme ve Kontrol Programı 2011-2014 Eylem Planı. Ankara, 2011. http://www.saglik.gov.tr/HM/dosya/1-71375/h/turkiye-diabetes-onleme-ve-kontrol-programi.pdf.
TEMD diabetes mellitus çalışma ve education group. diabetes mellitus ve komplikasyonlarının tanı, treatment ve izlem kılavuzu. Türkiye endokrinoloji ve metabolizma derneği, 2013.
Coşansu G, Çelik SG, Olgun N, Özcan Ş, Demir HG. Erişkinlerde Type-2 Diabetes risk factorsnin belirlenmesi: bir toplum temelli çalışma örneği. 49. Ulusal diabetes kongresi 17-21 Nisan 2013; 303. www.diabeteskongresi2013org. (Erişim Tarihi: 10.12.2013).
Memiş S, Gökçe S, Gündoğmuş EE, Coşkunırmak D. Ailesinde type-2 diabetes olan Health Highokulu öğrencilerinin diabetes risklerinin değerlendirilmesi. Hemşirelik forumu diabetes, obezite ve hypertension dergisi; Temmuz-Aralık (2014); Cilt:6, sayı:2.
Lindström J, Ilanne-Parikka P, Peltonen M, Aunola S, Eriksson JG, Hemiö K,Hämäläinen H, Härkönen P, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Laakso M, Louheranta A,Mannelin M, Paturi M, Sundvall J, Valle TT, Uusitupa M, Tuomilehto J; Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study Group. Lindström J, Tuomilehto J. The diabetes risk score: a practical tool to predict type 2 diabetes risk. Diabetes Care. 2003 Mar;26(3):725-31.
American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes-2015; Diabetes Care January 2015 vol. 38 no. Supplement 1. http://www.diabetes.teithe.gr/UsersFiles/entypa/STANDARDS%20OF%20MEDICAL%20CARE%20IN%20DIABETES%202015.pdf.
Makrilakis K, Liatis S, Grammatikou S, Perrea D, et al. Validation of the Finnish diabetes risk score (FINDRISC) questionnaire for screening for undiagnosed type 2 diabetes, dysglycaemia and the metabolic syndrome in Greece. Diabetes Metab 2011;37(2):144-151.
Hellgren MI, Petzold M, Björkelund C, Wedel H, et al. Feasibility of the FINDRISC questionnaire to identify individuals with impaired glucose tolerance in Swedish primary care. A cross-sectional population-based study. Diabet Med 2012;29(12):1501-5.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Hellgren±MI%2C±Petzold±M%2C±Bj%C3%B6rkelund±C%2C±Wedel±H%2C±et±al.±Feasibility±of±the±FINDRISC±questionnaire±to±identify±individuals±with±impaired±glucose±tolerance±in±Swedish±primary±care.±A±cross-sectional±population-based±study.±Diabet±Med±2012%3B29(12)%3A1501-5.(Erişim 02.09.2015).
Costa B, Barrio F, Piñol JL, Cabré JJ, et al. Shifting from glucose diagnosis to the new HbA1c diagnosis reduces the capability of the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) to screen for glucose abnormalities within a real-life primary healthcare preventive strategy. BMC Medicine 2013;11:45. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/11/45.
Bonaccorsi G, Guarducci S, Ruffoli E, Lorini C. Diabetes screening in primary care: The PRE.DI.CO. study. Ann Ig 2012 Nov-Dec; 24(6): 527-34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Diabetes±screening±in±primary±care%3A±The±PRE.DI.CO.±study.±Ann±Ig±2012%3B24(6)%3A527-34.&report=abstract.
Tarı Selçuk K, Bigadiç’te 45-74 Yaş Bireylerde Tip 2 Diabetes Riskinin Belirlenmesi, Doktora tezi, İzmir: Dokuz Eylül University; 2013.
Olgun N, Yalın H, Diabetesle Mücadelede Diabetes Risklerinin Belirlenmesi ve Tanılama, Turkish family physician (2011), cilt:2, sayı:2. http://turkishfamilyphysician.com/upload/2011-2/Diabetesle%20M%C3%BCcadelede%20Diabetes%20Risklerinin.pdf
World Health Organization, 2013. http://www.who.int/cardiovascular_diseases/en/. (Erişim Tarihi: 14.05.2015).
Olgun N, Eti Aslan F, Coşansu G, Çelik S. Diabetes mellitus. “Dahili ve Cerrahi Hastalıklarda Bakım” içinde. (ed) Karadakovan A, Aslan FE. Adana, Nobel Tıp Kitabevi, 2010;829-864.
Bayındır-Çevik A, Karaaslan M, Koçan S¸ Pekmezci H, Baydur S¸ Kırbaş A, Ayaz T, Primary Care Diabetes. Prevalence and screening for risk factors of type 2diabetes in Rize, Nourtheast Turkey: findings froma population-based study, 2015. http://www.primary-care-diabetes.com/article/S1751-9918(15)00075-3/pdf.
Toktamış A, Demirel Y. Tip 2 Diabet İçin Bağımsız Bir Risk Faktörü: Sigara. C. Ü. Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 24 (4): 209 –214, 2002. http://eskidergi.cumhuriyet.edu.tr/makale/231.pdf.
Taşdemir-Koçak HST, Öncel S, Zincir H, Seviğ Ü. Sınıf öğretmenlerinde tip 2 diabetes risk oranı ve healthlı yaşam biçimi davranışlarının belirlenmesi. Halk Sağlığı Etkinlikleri - HASUDER, 16. Ulusal Halk Sağlığı Kongresi, 2013.
Cheta D, Dimtrescu C, Georgescu M. A study on the types of diabetes mellitus in first degree relatives of diabetic patients. Diabete Metab 1990; 16: 11-15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Cheta±D%2C±Dimtrescu±C%2C±Georgescu±M.±A±study±on±the±types±of±diabetes±mellitus±in±first±degree±relatives±of±diabetic±patients.±Diabete±Metab±1990%3B±16%3A±11-15 (Erişim tarihi: 16.10.2015).
Thomas F, Balkau B, Vauzelle-Kervroedan F. Maternal effect and familial aggregation in NIDDM. The CODİAB study. Diabetes 1994; 43: 63-67. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Thomas±F%2C±Balkau±B%2C±Vauzelle-Kervroedan±F.±Maternal±effect±and±familial±aggregation±in±NIDDM.±The±COD%C4%B0AB±study.±Diabetes±1994%3B±43%3A±63-67 (Erişim tarihi: 16.10.2015).
Bjornholt JV, Eriksen G, Liestol K, Jervell J, Thaulow E, Eriksen J. Type 2 diabetes and maternal family history: an impact beyond slow glucose removal rate and fasting hyperglisemia in low-risk induviduals? Results from 22.5 years of follow-up of healthy nondiabetic men. Diabetes Care 2000; 23: 1255-1259. http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/23/9/1255.long
Bayrak G, Koç E, Suher M, Tip 2 diabeteses mellituslu olguların akrabalarındaki diabeteses mellitus prevalansı, 2004. http://cms.galenos.com.tr/FileIssue/3/328/article/2005-1-3.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 16.10.2015).
Erasmus R.T, Blanco E, Okesina A.B, Mesa Arana J, Gqweta Z, Matsha T. Impmediumnce of family history in type 2 black South Africans diabetic patients. Postgrad Med J 2001; 77: 323-325. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1742028/pdf/v077p00323.pdf.
TEMD diabetes mellitus çalışma ve education group. diabetes mellitus ve komplikasyonlarının tanı, treatment ve izlem kılavuzu. Türkiye endokrinoloji ve metabolizma derneği, 2015.