Synthesis and Characterization of Barium Titanate Nanopowders by Pechini Process

Barium titanate (BaTiO3) is the first known ferroelectric ceramics and a suitable candidate for variousapplications due to its unique dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties. It is well known thatBaTiO3 powder features strongly depend on the synthesis route and heat-treatment conditions. In thepresent study, BaTiO3 nanoparticles have been synthesized via the Pechini method, using barium acetateand an aqueous solution of titanium(IV) (triethanolaminato) isopropoxide. The starting materials arestable in an aqueous environment, and BaTiO3 can be efficiently prepared at an industrial scale. Thestructural properties of BaTiO3 were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rietveld refinement,scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), thermogravimetricanalysis (TGA) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). XRD and Rietveld refinementstudies revealed that BaTiO3 has a cubic structure with a space group of Pm-3m (#221). As estimatedby the Scherrer formula, the average crystallite size was accurately determined to be 51.9 nm for thecalcined temperature at 800ºC. The SEM micrographs of powder showed that the BaTiO3 grains areround-shaped, and the average grain size is observed about 40-90 nm.

PDF

___

1. Jiang, B, Iocozzia, J, Zhao, L, Zhang, H, Harn, Y, Lin, Z. 2019. Barium titanate at the nanoscale: controlled synthesis and dielectric and ferroelectric properties. Chemical Society Reviews; 48: 1194- 1228.
2. Buscaglia, MT, Bassoli, M, Buscaglia, V, Alessio, R. 2005. Solidstate synthesis of ultrafine BaTiO3 powders from nanocrystalline BaCO3 and TiO2. Journal of American Chemical Society; 88: 2374- 2379.
3. Prasadarao, AV, Suresh, M, Komarneni, S. 1999. pH dependent coprecipitated oxalate precursors–a thermal study of barium titanate. Materials Letters; 36(6): 359-363.
4. Upadhyay, RH, Argekar AP, Deshmukh RR. 2014. Characterization, dielectric and electrical behavior of BaTiO3 nanoparticles prepared via titanium(IV) triethanolaminato isopropoxide and hydrated barium hydroxide. Bulletine of Material Science; 37(3): 481-489.
5. Prado, LR, de Resende, NS, Silva, RS, Egues, SMS,Salazar-Banda, GR. 2016. Influence of the synthesis method on the preparation of barium titanate nanoparticles. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification; 103: 12–20.
6. Vinothini, V, Paramanand, S, Balasubramanian, M. 2006. Synthesis of barium titanate nanopowder using polymeric precursor method. Ceramics International; 32: 99-103.
7. Xu, M, Lu, Y-N, Liu, Y-F, Shi, S-Z, Qian, T-S, Lu, D-Y. 2006. Sonochemical synthesis of monosized spherical BaTiO3 particles. Powder Technology; 161(3): 185-189.
8. Jung, DS, Hong, SK, Cho, JS, Kang, YC. 2008. Nano-sized barium titanate powders with tetragonal crystal structure prepared by flame spray pyrolysis. Journal of the European Ceramic Society; 28(1): 109-115.
9. Terashi, Y, Purwanto, A, Wang, WN, Iskandar, F, Okuyama, K. 2008. Role of urea addition in the preparation of tetragonal BaTiO3 nanoparticles using flame-assisted spray pyrolysis. Journal of European Ceramic Society; 28:2573-2580.
10. Kumar, S, Messing, GL, White, WB. 1993. Metal Organic Resin Derived Barium Titanate: I, Formation of Barium Titanium Oxycarbonate Intermediate. Journal of American Ceramic Society; 76: 617.
11. Cho, WS. 1998. Structural evolution and characterization of BaTiO3 nanoparticles synthesized from polymeric precursor. Journal of Physics and Chemical Solids; 59(5): 659-666.
12. Ring, TA. Fundamentals of Ceramic Powder Processing and Synthesis; Academic Press: California, USA, 1996; pp 346.
13. Assirey, EAR. 2019. Perovskite synthesis, properties and their related biochemical and industrial application. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal; 27: 817-829.
14. Match! - Phase Identification from Powder Diffraction, Crystal Impact - Dr. H. Putz & Dr. K. Brandenburg GbR, Kreuzherrenstr. 102, 53227 Bonn, Germany, http://www.crystalimpact.com/match
15. Rodríguez-Carvajal, J. 1993. Recent advances in magnetic structure determination by neutron powder diffraction. Physica B: Condensed Matter; 192: 55–69.
16. K. Momma, K, Izumi, F. 2008. VESTA: a three‐dimensional visualization system for electronic and structural analysis. Applied Crystallography; 41: 653–658.
17. Ashiri, R, Nemati, A, Ghamsari, MS, Sanjabi, S, Aalipour, M. 2011. A Modified method for Barium Titanate nanoparticles synthesis. Materials Research Bulletine; 46: 2291-2295.
18. Ashiri, R. 2013. Detailed FT-IR spectroscopy characterization and thermal analysis of synthesis of barium titanate nanoscale particles through a newly developed process. Vibrational Spectroscopy; 66: 24-29.
19. Lazarevi´c, Z, Vijatovi´c, M, Dohˇcevi´c-Mitrovi´c, Z, Romˇcevi´c, NZ, Romˇcevi´c, MJ, Paunovi´c, N, Stojanovi´c, BD. 2010. The characterization of the barium titanate ceramic powders prepared by the Pechini type reaction route and mechanically assisted synthesis. Journal of the European Ceramic Society;30: 623-628.
20. Wu, YT, Wang, XF, Yu, CL, Li, EY. 2012. Preparation and Characterization of Barium Titanate (batio3) Nanopowders by Pechini Sol-gel Method. Materials and Manufacturing Processes; 27: 1329-1333.