Strain Localization Behavior of Cold-Rolled Deep-Drawing Steels
Strain Localization Behavior of Cold-Rolled Deep-Drawing Steels
With the purpose of defining optimal microstructure and texture for higher quality in deep–drawingoperations of cold-rolled steels; this study monitors and analyses the micro- and macro-scale deformationbehavior of DC04 grade cold-rolled steel sheets under uniaxial tension and biaxial stretching. An in-planebiaxial test setup capable of observing and measuring the deformation is utilized for obtaining strain mapsat the micro- and macro-scale. Strain maps at the micro-scale are then compared with texture andmicrostructure data obtained before and after the deformation. Results show strain localization to theinterior of grains under both strain paths, as opposed to the common grain boundary localization observedin the literature. Remnants of the α fiber components in the initial γ fiber texture, especially grains with{100} orientations, are the likely sources of the localizations as they allow deformation in the sheetthickness direction. While these localizations do not appear to be critical for macro-scale formability, theirsuppression should be helpful in preventing surface defects and local fracture. Total elimination of α fibercomponents from the initial texture is proposed as a way preventing micro-scale localizations.
___
- ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe, Deep-drawing steels DD, DC and
DX
Product
Information.
https://www.thyssenkrupp-
steel.com/en/products/sheet-coated-products/mild-steel/mild-
steel.html (accessed at 15.10.2018).
- Banerjee, K. Physical metallurgy and drawability of extra deep
drawing and interstitial free steels. In: Krzysztof S (ed)
Recrystallization, IntechOpen, 2012, pp 137-178.
- Hosford, WF, Caddell, RM. Metal Forming: Mechanics and
Metallurgy; Prentice-Hall Inc.: New Jersey, USA, 1993.
- Dillamore, IL, Roberts, JG, Bush, AC. 1979. Occurrence of shear
bands in heavily rolled cubic metals. Metal Science; 13: 73-77.
- Raabe, D, Sachtleber, M, Weiland, H, Scheele, G, Zhao, Z. 2003.
Grain-scale micromechanics of polycrystal surfaces during plastic
straining. Acta Materialia; 51: 1539-1560.
- Efstathiou, C, Sehitoglu, H, Lambros, J. 2010. Multiscale strain
measurements of plastically deforming olycrystalline titanium:
Role of deformation hetererogeneities. International Journal of
Plasticity; 26: 93-106.
- Bieler, TR, Eisenlohr, P, Roters, F, Kumar, D, Mason, DE,
Crimp, MA, Raabe, D. 2009. The role of heterogeneous
deformation on damage nucleation at grain boundaries in single
phase metals. International Journal of Plasticity; 25: 1655-1683.
- Shin, HJ, An, JK, Park, SH, Lee, DN. 2013. The effect of texture
on ridging of ferritic stainless steel. Acta Materialia; 51: 4693-
4706.
- Jafari, M, Ziaei-Rad, S, Saeidi, N, Jamshidian, M. 2016.
Micromechanical analysis of martensite distribution on strain localization in dual phase steels by scanning electron microscopy
and crystal plasticity simulation. Materials Science and
Engineering A; 670: 57-67.
- Abuzaid, WZ, Sangid, MD, Carroll, JD, Sehitoglu, H, Lambros,
J. 2012. Slip transfer and plastic strain accumulation across grain
boundaries in Hastelloy X. Journal of Mechanics and Physics of
Solids; 60: 1201-1220.
- Hutchinson, B. 1999. Deformation microstructures and textures in
steels. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A; 357:
1471-1485.
- Seymen, Y, Güler, B, Efe, M. 2016. Large strain and small-scale
biaxial testing of sheet metals. Experimental Mechanics; 56:
1519-1530.
- Yang, HS, Seong, BS, Han, SH, Choi, SH. 2011. Texture
evolution of monolithic-phase and dual-phase steel sheets during
a deep-drawing process. Metals and Materials International; 17:
403-412.
- Antolovich, SD, Armstrong, RW. 2014. Plastic strain localization
in metals: origins and consequences. Progress in Materials
Science; 59: 1-160.