Eskişehir Ekolojik Koşullarında Farklı Hasat Zamanlarının Limon Kekiğinin (Thymus citriodorus L.) Verim Ve Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi

Bu araştırma 2015 ve 2016 yıllarında Eskişehir ekolojik koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada bitkiler üç farklı dönemde (çiçeklenme öncesi, tam çiçeklenme ve tohum oluşum dönemi) hasat edilmiştir. Deneme tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre, bitki boyu, taze herba verimi, kuru herba verimi, kuru yaprak verimi, uçucu yağ oranı ve uçucu yağ verimi değerleri yıllara ve farklı gelişme dönemlerine göre sırasıyla 23,26-29,97 cm, 351,30-446,15 kgda-1, 116,53-149,49 kgda-1, 79,08104,12 kgda-1, %1,15-2,12 ve 1,06-1,73 l/da arasında değişmiştir. Uçucu yağ örneklerinin kompozisyonunu belirlemek için GS/MS analizi yapılmış ve uçucu yağların ana bileşenlerinin geraniol, geranial ve neral olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yıllar ve farklı hasat dönemlerine bağlı olarak bu üç ana bileşenin değerleri sırasıyla %21,0522,81, %21,25-22,72 ve 11,96-13,37 arasında değişmiştir. En yüksek geranioloranı (% 22,81) 2015 yılında ve tohum oluşum döneminde yapılan hasattan elde edilirken, en düşük oran (% 21,05) ise 2016 yılında ve tam çiçeklenme döneminde yapılan hasattan elde edilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen veriler birlikte değerlendirildiğinde, hasadın tam çiçeklenme döneminde yapılması tavsiye edilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Limon kekiği (Thymus citriodorus L.), verim, uçucu yağ ve kalite, hasat zamanı

The Effect of Different Harvest Times on Yield and Quality of Lemon Thyme (Thymus citriodorus L.) in Eskişehir Ecological Conditions

This experiment was carried out at Eskişehir ecological conditions in 2015 and 2016.The plants were harvested in three different growth stages (pre-flowering, full flowering and seed formation stages). The experiment was carried out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The results indicated that the values of plant height, fresh herba yield, dry herba yield, dry leaf yield, volatile oil content and volatile oil yield according to years and different growth stages were varied between 23,26-29,97 cm, 351,30-446,15 kgda-1, 116,53-149,49 kgda-1, 79,08-104,12 kgda-1, 1,15-2,12% and 1,06-1,73 l/da, respectively. According to the results of the research, values ranged between 1,06-1,73 l/da, depending on years and different development periods.GS/MS analysis was performed to determine the composition of essential oil samples. In this analysis, geraniol, geranial and neral were identified as the main components of essential oils.The values of these three main components varied between 21,05-22,81%, 21,25-22,72% and 11,96-13,37%respectively depending on the years and different harvest times.The highest geraniol ratio (22,81%) was obtained from the harvest in 2015 and seed formation stage, while the lowest rate (21,05%) was obtained from the harvest in 2016 and full flowering stage. When the data obtained from the research are evaluated together, it is recommended to perform the harvest in full flowering stage.

Keywords:

Lemon Thyme (Thymus citriodorus L.), harvest times, yield, essential oil and quality,

PDF

___

Açıkgöz, N. 1993. Tarımda araştırma ve deneme metotları. E.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, Yayın No: 478. ISBN-975-483-228-5. İzmir.
Çolak Esetlili, B., Çobanoğlu, Ö., Tepecik, M., Öztürk, B. ve Anaç, D., 2015. Yield, essential nutrients and essential oils of peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.) grown under organic farming conditions. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Uludag University, 29(1): 29-36.
Glisıc, S.B., Milojevic, S., Dimitrijevic, S.I., Orlovic, A.M. and Skala, D.U. 2007. Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and different fractions of Juniperus communis L. and a comparison with some commercial antibiotics. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 72 (4): 311–320.
Hegazy, M.H., Alzuaibr, F.M.A., Mahmoud, A.A., Mohamed, H.F.Y. and Said-Al Ahl, H.A.H. 2016. The effects of zinc application and cutting on growth, herb, essential oil and flavonoids in three medicinal Lamiaceae plants. European Journal of Medicinal Plants, 12(3): 1-12.
Jamil, D.M. 2016. Preservative effects of Thymus citriodorus and Rosmarinus officinalis volatile oils on prolonging shelf life of raw chicken. IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) e-ISSN: 2319-2402, p- ISSN: 2319-2399. Ver. II. 10(6):63-68.
Kızıl, S. and Toncer, Ö. 2016. Essential oil and microelement composition of Thymus citriodorus L. and Lippia citriodora H.B.K. Cercetări Agronomice în Moldova, XLIX(2)(166): 97-105.
Markovid, M.S., Boskovid-Vragolovid, N.M., Ristid, M.S., Pavidevic, V.P., Veljkovid, V.B. and Milojevid, S.Z. 2017. Fractionation of the essential oil from juniper (Juniperus communis L.) berries by hydrodistillation and rectification. Hemijska industrija, DOI: 10.2298/HEMIND161204009M.
Odak, I., Lukic, T. and Talic, S. 2018. Impact of storage conditions on alteration of juniper and immortelle essential oils, Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 21(3): 614-622, DOI: 10.1080/0972060X.2018.1489309.
Omidbaigi, R., Fattahi, F., and Alirezalu, A. 2009. Essential oil content and constituents of Thymus × citriodorus L. at different phenological stages. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 12(3): 333-337.
Omidbaigi, R., Fattahi, F. and Karimzadeh, G. 2010. Harvest time affect on the herb yield and essential oil content of lemon thyme (Thymus × citriodorus (Pers.) Schreb). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 26(3): 318-325.
Pereira, O.R., Domingues, M. and Cardoso, S.M. 2010. Thymus citirodorus: phenolic characterization and antioxidant activity. XXVth International Conference on Polyphenols, polyphenols communications, 1: 187.
Rubab, S., Hussain, I., Khan, B.A., Unar, A.A., Abbas, K.A., Khichi, Z.H., Khan, M., Khanum, S., Rehman, K.U. and Khan, H. 2017. Biomedical description of Ocimum basilicum L. Journal of Islamic International Medical College, 12(1): 57-69.
Toncer, O., Karaman, S., Dıraz, E., Sogut, T. and Kızıl, S. 2017. Essential oil composition of Thymus × citriodorus (Pers.) Schreb. at different harvest stages. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 45(1): 185-189. DOI:10.15835/nbha45110672.
Wu, S., Wei, FX., Li, HZ., Liu, XG., Zhang, JH., Liu, JX. 2013. Chemical composition of essential oil from Thymus citriodorus and its toxic effect on liver cancer cells, Zhong Yao Cai, 36(5): 756-9.
Yusufoğlu, A., Çelik, H. and Kırbaşlar, F.G. 2004. Utilization of Lavandula angustifolia Miller extracts as natural repellents, pharmaceutical and industrial auxiliaries. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 69(1): 1-7, UDC 582.949.26.004.12:661.12, JSCS-3123.
Zawislak, G. 2013. The chemical composition of essential hyssop oil depending on plant growth stage. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum: Hortorum Cultus, 12(3): 161-170.