24. GÜNEŞ DÖNGÜSÜ BOYUNCA MEYDANA GELEN JEOMANYETİK FIRTINALARIN DAĞILIMI

Jeomanyetik fırtına, genellikle gezegenler arası manyetik alandaki anormal koşullar ve çeşitli güneş aktivitelerinin neden olduğu güneş rüzgârı plazma emisyonları nedeniyle Dünya’ nın manyetik alanında küresel bir bozulmadır. Jeomanyetik aktivitesi diğer döngülere göre en düşük sevide olan 24. güneş döngüsüdür. Bu çalışmada 24. Güneş döngüsünde meydana gelen ve jeomanyetik aktivitenin ciddiyetini belirtmek için beş seviyeli bir sistem olan G ölçeğine göre belirlenen jeomanyetik fırtınaların dağılımı incelenmiştir. Ayrıca jeomanyetik fırtına indisi olan Kp indisi, jeomanyetik fırtınanın şiddetini belirleyen Dst indisi ve güneş döngüsündeki ortalama güneş lekesi sayıları veri olarak kullanılmıştır. 24. güneş döngüsünün maksimum aşaması olan 2014 yılında ortalama 113 güneş lekesi sayısı gözlemlenmiştir. 24. döngü dönemi boyunca G ölçeğine göre toplam 381 jeomanyetik fırtına oluşmuştur. Bu fırtınaların %67.45’ i G1, %25.46’ sı G2, %4.72’ si G3 ve %2.36’ sı G4 düzeyinde meydana gelmiştir. Dst indis değerlerine göre %16.54’ ü sakin, %32.28’ i zayıf, %43.83’ ü orta, %6.82’ si güçlü ve %0.52’ si şiddetli fırtına olarak belirlenmiştir. Kp indisine göre en güçlü fırtına 83 nT ile 22 Haziran 2015 ve 08 Eylül 2017 tarihlerinde, Dst indis değerine göre -223 nT ile 25 Haziran 2015 tarihinde gerçekleşmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Jeomanyetik fırtına, 24.güneş döngüsü, Dst, Kp, Güneş lekesi sayısı

DISTRIBUTION OF GEOMAGNETIC STORMS OCCURING DURING THE 24TH SOLAR CYCLE

A geomagnetic storm is a global disturbance in the Earth's magnetic field, usually due to abnormal conditions in the interplanetary magnetic field and solar wind plasma emissions caused by various solar activities. It is the 24th solar cycle with the lowest geomagnetic activity compared to other cycles. In this study, the distribution of geomagnetic storms occurring in the 24th solar cycle and determined according to the G scale, which is a five-level system to indicate the severity of geomagnetic activity, was investigated. In addition, the Kp index, which is the geomagnetic storm index, the Dst index, which determines the intensity of the geomagnetic storm, and the average sunspot number in the solar cycle are used as data. An average of 113 sunspot numbers was observed in 2014, the maximum phase of the 24th solar cycle. During the 24th cycle period, a total of 381 geomagnetic storms occurred on the G scale. Of these storms, 67.45% occurred at the G1, 25.46% at the G2 level, 4.72% at the G3 level, and 2.36% at the G4 level. According to Dst index values, 16.54 percent were calm, 32.28% were weak, 43.83% were moderate, 6.82% were strong and 0.52% were severe storms. According to the Kp index, the strongest storm occurred with 83 nT on 22 June 2015 and 08 September 2017, and according to the Dst index value, on 25 June 2015 with -223 nT.

Keywords:

Geomagnetic storm, Solar cycle 24, Dst, Kp, Sunspot number,

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