Ekmeklik Buğday Çeşitlerinde Sarı Pas Direnç Genlerini Tespit Eden Bazı Markörlerin Etkinliğinin İncelenmesi

Sarı pas, (Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici) buğday üretiminde ciddi kayıplara neden olan en önemli buğday hastalıkları arasında yer almaktadır. Hastalıkla mücadelede kimyasal fungusitler yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Ancak kimyasal mücadele ekonomik olmadığı gibi çevre kirliliğine de neden olmaktadır. Bu sebeple üretimde dayanıklı buğday çeşitlerin kullanılması kritik bir öneme sahiptir. Sarı pas hastalığına karşı dayanıklılık, Yr genleri ile ifade edilmektedir. Islah çalışmalarında kullanılacak ebeveynlerin hangi dayanıklılık genine sahip olduğunu bilmek, yeni dirençli çeşitlerin geliştirilmesinde büyük avantaj sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışma, sarı pas hastalığına karşı direnç genlerinin saptanmasında kullanılan belirteçlerin etkinliğini belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. PZR yöntemiyle sarı pas hastalığına karşı direnci sağlayan dokuz gen (Yr9, Yr10, Yr15, Yr26, Yr29, Yr36, Yr48, Yr51 ve YrCH52) için tanımlanmış moleküler markörlerin (Xgwm582, RgaYr10a, Xgwm413, Xgwm11, Wmc44, Barc101, Cfa2149, Sun104, Xgwm273) etkinliği araştırılmıştır. Materyal olarak, yirmi ekmeklik buğday çeşidi kullanılmıştır. PCR tabanlı moleküler markörler kullanılarak belirlenen direnç gen profilleri ile tescil bilgisi ve literatürde geçen tarla dayanıklılık verileri karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda farklı direnç genleri için tanımlanmış markörlerin, buğday çeşitlerinin direnç gen profilini tespit etmedeki etkinlik durumları belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, tarladaki dayanıklılığı bilinen çeşitlerle hassas çeşitlerin direnç gen profilleri karşılaştırılmış, direnci sağlamada öne çıkan ve markörlerle tespit edilen genler belirlenmiş ve bu genlerin homozigot/heterozigot durumlarına göre verimlilikleri değerlendirilmiştir. Tüm buğday çeşitlerinde pozitif sonuç veren RgaYr10a, Xgwm413, Barc101 ve Cfa2149 gibi markörlerin etkinliğinin düşük olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Sarı pas, Direnç genleri, Ekmeklik buğday, Moleküler Markörler, Verimlilik

The Efficacity Investigation for Some Markers Detecting Yellow Rust Resistance Genes in Bread Wheat Varieties

Yellow rust is (Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici) is among the supreme diseases causing serious losses in wheat production. The chemical fungicides are commonly used in this disease-fighting. However, chemical control is not economical and also causes environmental pollution. Therefore, the use of resistant wheat varieties in production has critical importance. The resistance against yellow rust disease is expressed with Yr genes. In the breeding studies, knowing which parents include resistance genes provides a great advantage in the development of new resistant varieties. This study aims to determine the efficiency of markers used to detect resistance genes against yellow rust disease. The efficiency of molecular markers (Xgwm582, RgaYr10a, Xgwm413, Xgwm11, Wmc44, Barc101, Cfa2149, Sun104, Xgwm273) that are identified for nine genes (Yr9, Yr10, Yr15, Yr26, Yr29, Yr36, Yr48, Yr51, and YrCH52) providing resistance against yellow rust disease was investigated using PCR method. Twenty bread wheat varieties were used as material. Resistance gene profiles determined using PCR-based molecular markers and data obtained from registration information and field resistance data in the literature were analysed comparatively. As a result of the analysis, the efficiency/productivity of the markers defined for different resistance genes in detecting the resistance gene profile of wheat varieties was determined. Moreover, resistance gene profiles of varieties that are known resistance states in the field and sensitive varieties were compared. Genes that are prominent in providing resistance and detected with markers were determined and the efficiency of these genes was evaluated according to their homozygous/heterozygous states. It was concluded that the efficacy of markers such as RgaYr10a, Xgwm413, Barc101, and Cfa2149, which gave positive results in all wheat varieties, was low.

Keywords:

Yellow rust, Resistance Genes, Bread wheat, Molecular markers, Efficacity,

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