Karl Popper'ın İdealizm Eleştirisi

20. yüzyılda bilim felsefesi, sosyal felsefe ve siyaset felsefesine önemli katkı lar yapmış olan Karl Popper’ın felsefi idealizm eleştirisi onun yanlışlamacılık adını verdiği bilimsel yönteminin metafizik, epistemoloji, sosyal felsefe ve siya set felsefesi alanlarına uygulanmasıyla kendini gösterir. Kendisini bir realist ola rak tanımlayan Popper’a göre idealizm gerçekliğin akıl ile bilinemeyeceği dü şüncesi veya kesinlik arayışı gibi yanlış fikir ya da saiklerle ortaya çıkmış ve baş lıca iki hatalı ve zararlı sonuç doğurmuştur. Ona göre bu sonuçlar tarihin karşı konulamaz bir akışa sahip olduğu görüşü olan tarihsicilik ve sosyal büyünlerin bireylerin toplamından daha fazla, organik birer yapı olduklarını savunan ho lizmdir. Tarihsicilik ve holizm ise tarih boyunca 20. yüzyıldaki totaliteryen re jimler gibi kapalı toplumların felsefi zeminini oluşturmuşlardır. Bu nedenle Popper idealizmi eleştirirken aslında idealizmin kendisine göre bu iki zararlı sonucunu eleştirme gibi pratik bir hedef gütmektedir. Bu çalışmada öncelikle felsefi idealizm ve Popper’ın felsefesi anahatlarıyla incelenmiş ve daha sonra sı rasıyla Popper’ın idealizme karşı metafizik, epistemolojik, sosyal ve politik eleş tirileri irdelenmiştir.

Karl Popper's Critique of Idealism

Karl Popper’s critique of philosophical idealism manifests itself with the application of his method, falsification, to metaphysics, epistemology, so cial and political philosophy. According to Popper, who identifies himself as a philosophical realist, idealism has emerged as a result of the idea that reality cannot be known by reason and of the search for certainty which is erroneous, and it has begotten two mistaken and detrimental views. These views are his toricism, the notion that history has an irresistible course, and holism, the no tion that social wholes are organic structures that amount to more than the in dividuals constituting them. Historicism and holism have become the philo sophical underpinnings of closed societies throughout the history, such as the totalitarian regimes in the 20th century. Therefore, with a practical leaning, Popper actually aims at these pernicious consequences of idealism while criti cizing it. In this study, philosophical idealism and the contours of Popper’s phi losophy are examined, and then Popper’s metaphysical, epistemological, social, and political critiques against idealism are investigated.

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