COVID-19 ve Sağlık Hizmeti Sunulan Merkezlerde Enfeksiyon Kontrol Önlemleri

Çin’in Wuhan kentinde ortaya çıkan ve büyük bir küresel salgına neden olan yeni tip koronavirüs, insanlarda hastalık etkeni olarak tanımlanmış ve Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) tarafından 11 Mart 2020 tarihinde pandemi olarak ilan edilmiştir. Koronavirüs hastalığı (Coronovirus Disease-19, COVID-19) olarak isimlendirilen hastalığa, enfekte bireylerin solunum sekresyonlarında yoğun olarak bulunan SARS-CoV-2 virüsü neden olmaktadır. İnsanlar arasında bulaş, enfekte bireyin sekresyonlara doğrudan maruziyet, enfekte kişi ile yakın temas ya da enfekte yüzeylere temas sonucu gerçekleşmektedir. Pandemide hastalar belirti bulguların ortaya çıkmasının ardından ilk olarak sağlık merkezlerine başvurmaktadırlar. Sağlık merkezlerinde oluşan yoğunluk, hastalığın yayılımı ve bulaşı açısından oldukça yüksek risk taşımaktadır. Temel hedef hastaların, hasta yakınlarının ve sağlık personellerinin sağlığının korunmasıdır. Bu bağlamda hastane kaynaklı transmisyonların önlenmesi amacı ile etkin enfeksiyon kontrol önlemlerinin uygulanması çok önemlidir. Sağlık hizmeti veren merkezlerde, enfeksiyon kontrol önlemleri programını, Enfeksiyon Kontrol Komiteleri (EKK) hazırlar ve hastane yönetimi uygular. Araştırmalar, enfeksiyon kontrol önlemleri programlarının bulaşıcı hastalıkların yayılmamasında ve çalışan sağlığının korunmasında etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu nedenle enfeksiyon kontrol önlemleri, çalışanlar tarafından bilinmelidir ve doğru uygulanmalıdır. COVID-19 pandemisinde, ulusal ve uluslararası rehberlerin önerileriyle oluşturulan enfeksiyon kontrol programı, kurumun stratejik planları, ünitelerin fiziksel yapıları ve işleyiş özellikleri dikkate alınarak hazırlanmalıdır. Bu bağlamda, enfeksiyon kontrol programı genel hatları ile “hastaların tanı/tedavi süreçlerini, çalışan sağlığının korunmasını, alanda görevlendirilecek personel dağılımını ve merkezlerde uyulması gereken enfeksiyon kontrol önlemleri” konularını içermelidir.

COVID-19 and Infection Control Measures in Health Care Centers

The new type of coronavirus, which originated in Wuhan, China and caused a major global epidemic, was defined as a disease factor in humans and was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. The disease, called COVID-19, is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is densely found in respiratory secretions of infected individuals. Transmission between humans occurs as a result of direct exposure of the infected individual to secretions, close contact with the infected person, or contact with infected surfaces. Pandemic patients first apply to health centers after the emergence of symptoms. The density that occurs in health centers carries a very high risk in terms of the spread and transmission of the disease. In the pandemic, it is very important to implement effective infection control measures in order to protect the health of patients, patients’ relatives and healthcare personnel and to prevent hospital-borne transmissions. Infection control measures are prepared by Infection Control Committees and hospital management is implemented. Studies show that infection control is effective in preventing the spread of infectious diseases and protecting employee health. Therefore, infection control measures should be known by employees and applied correctly. In the COVID-19 pandemic, the infection control program created with the recommendations of national and international guidelines should be prepared by taking into account the strategic plans of the institution, the physical structures and functioning features of the units. In this context, the infection control program should generally include the issues of “diagnosis / treatment processes of patients, protection of employee health, distribution of personnel to be assigned in the field and infection control measures to be followed in centers”.

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