Yem Kaynaklı Borun Gökkuşağı Alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Yağ Asidi Profiline Etkisi

Bu araştırmada su ürünleri yetiştiriciliği açısından çok önemli bir balık türü olan gökkuşağı alabalığı yemine %0, % 0,01, % 0,05, % 0,10 ve % 0,20 oranlarında bor ilave edilmiş ve 90 gün boyunca besleme yapılmıştır. Borik asit olarak ilave edilen borun, gökkuşağı alabalığının yağ asidi profili üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Araştırma başlangıcında yaklaşık 90 gram alabalıklar, 295 gram ağırlığa kadar beslenmiş ve hasat edilerek analize hazırlanmıştır. Balıkların filetoları çıkartıldıktan sonra balığın dorsal kısmında bulunan kaslar alınarak homojenize edilmiştir. Araştırmada balık kas dokusunun temel doymuş yağ asitlerini (DYA); laurik asit (C12:0), miristik asit (C14:0), palmitik asit (C16:0), margaric asit (C17:0), asit (C18:0), arachidic acid (C20:0) ve lignoceric asit (C24:0) oluşturmaktadır. Gökkuşağı alabalığı kas dokusunun temel tekli doymamış yağ asitlerini (TDYA); myristoleic acid (C14:1), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), oleic acid (C18: n9), vaccenic acid (C18:1 n7), eicosenoic acid (C20:1) ve erucic acid (C22:1n9) oluşturmuştur. Balıketinden ekstrakte edilen balık yağının temel çoklu doymamış yağ asitlerini (ÇDYA) ise; linoleic acid (C18:2 n6), α-linolenic acid (C18:3 n3), eicosadienoic acid (C20:2) arachidonic acid (C20:4 n6), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 n3) ve docosahexaenoic acid C22:6 n3) oluşturmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda; en yüksek DYA ve TDYA oranı kontrol gurubunda görülürken en düşük DYA ve TDYA oranı en fazla bor uygulanan grupta görülmüştür. Balık yemlerine ilave edilen bor balıketinin ÇDYA oranlarında artış sağladığı görülmektedir. Yem kaynaklı borun yağ asidi profilini etkilediği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Gökkuşağı alabalığı, Yağ asidi, Bor.

Effect of Dietary Boron on Fatty Acid Profile of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

In this study, 0.00%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.10%, and 0.20% of boron were added to rainbow trout feed as a very important fish species in aquaculture. After 90 days of the feeding trial, effect of boron on fatty acid profile of rainbow trout were determined. During the feeding trial average approximately 90 g of rainbow trouts were fed up to average approximately 295 g, and then harvested. After the fish were filleted, their muscles in the dorsal part of the fish were removed and homogenized. Basic saturated fatty acids of fish muscle tissue were Lauric acid (C12:0), myristic acid (C14:0), palmitic acid (C16:0), Margaric acid (C17:0), Stearic acid (C18:0), Arachidic acid (C20:0) and Lignoceric acid (C24:0) while essential monounsaturated fatty acids of muscle tissue were Myristoleic acid (C14:1), Palmitoleic acid (C16:1), Oleic acid (C18: n9), Vaccenic acid (C18:1 n7), Eicosenoic acid (C20:1) and Erucic acid (C22:1n9). The basic polyunsaturated fatty acids of our fish meat were Linoleic acid (C18:2 n6), α-Linolenic acid (C18:3 n3), eicosadienoic acid (C20:2) Arachidonic acid (C20:4 n6), Eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 n3) and Docosahexaenoic acid C22:6 n3). As a result, while the highest SFA and MUFA ratios were found in control group, the lowest SFA and MUFA ratios were observed in dietary boron groups. It has been observed that boron added to feeds increased the PUFA ratios of fish meat. It was concluded that feed-borne boron acid affected the fatty acid profile of fish meat.

Keywords:

Rainbow trout, Fatty acid, Boron.,

PDF

___

Acar, Ü., Kesbiç, O. S., İnanan, B. E., & Yılmaz, S. (2019). Effects of dietary Bergamot (Citrus bergamia) peel oil on growth, haematology and immune response of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. Aquaculture Research, 50(11), 3305-3312.
Acar, Ü., Kesbiç, O. S., Yılmaz, S., İnanan, B. E., Zemheri-Navruz, F., Terzi, F., ... & Parrino, V. (2021). Effects of Essential Oil Derived from the Bitter Orange (Citrus aurantium) on Growth Performance, Histology and Gene Expression Levels in Common Carp Juveniles (Cyprinus carpio). Animals, 11(5), 1431.
Afridi, A. J., Zuberi, A., Yousafzai, A. M., Kamran, M., & Ullah, S. (2019). Hemp (Marijuana) reverted Copper-induced toxic effects on the essential fatty acid profile of Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala. Molecular biology reports, 46(1), 391-401.
Ahigren, G., Sonesten, L., Boberg, M., & Gustafsson, L. B. (1996). Fattv acid content of some freshwater fish in lakes of different trophic levels–a bottom‐up effect?. Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 5(1), 15-27.
Aras N.M., Haliloğlu H.İ., Bayır A., Atamanalp M. and A.N. Sirkecioğlu, 2003. Karasu havzası yeşildere çayı olgun dere alabalıkları (Salmo trutta macrostigma, Dumeril, 1858) ’nda farklı dokuların yağ asidi kompozisyonlarının karşılaştırılması. Turkish J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 27:887-892.
Ardó L, Yin G, Xu P, Váradi L, Szigeti G, Jeney Z, Jeney G. 2008. Chinese herbs (Astragalus membranaceus and Lonicera japonica) and boron enhance the non-specific immune response of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila. Aquaculture. 275:26–33.
Cengiz, E. I., Bayar, A. S., Kızmaz, V., Başhan, M., & Satar, A. (2017). Acute toxicity of deltamethrin on the fatty acid composition of phospholipid classes in liver and gill tissues of Nile tilapia. International Journal of Environmental Research, 11(3), 377-385.
Czesny S, Dabrowski K (1998) The effect of egg fatty acid concentrations on embryo viability in wild and domesticated walleye (Stizostedion vitreum). Aquat Living Resour 11(6):371–378. https://doi.org/10.1016 /S0990-7440(99)80002-3
Dernekbaşi, S., Karayücel, İ., & Öksüz, A. (2011). Effect of dietary canola oil level on fatty acid composition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss L.).
Dikel, S. (2021). Ilıman İklim Balıkları Yetiştiriciliği. Editör, Suat DİKEL. Akademisyen kitabevi, ISBN: 978-625-7275-63-7, DOI: 10.37609/akya.559.
Folch J, Lees M, Stanley GS (1957) A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues. J Biol Chem. 226(1):497–509.
Işik O, Sarihan E, Kuşvuran E, Gül Ö, Erbatur O (1999) Comparison of the fatty acid composition of the freshwater fish larvae Tilapia zillii, the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus, and the microalgae Scenedesmus abundans, Monoraphidium minitum and Chlorella vulgaris in the algae-rotifer-fish larvae food chains. Aquaculture 174(3–4):299–311.
İnanan, B. E., Acar, Ü., & İnanan, T. (2021). Effects of dietary Ferula elaeochytris root powder concentrations on haematology, serum biochemical parameters, spermatozoa parameters, and oxidative status in tissues of males goldfish (Carassius auratus). Aquaculture, 544, 737087.
İnanan, B. E., Acar, Ü., (2019). Evaluation of Sugar Beet Leave Extracts in Goldfish (Carassius auratus) Diets: Effects on Blood and Semen Parameters. Acta Aquatica Turcica, 15(4), 458-468.
Metcalfe LD, Schmitz AA (1961) The rapid preparation of fatty acid esters for gas chromatographic analysis. Anal Chem 33(3):363–364. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60171a016.
Öz, M. (2018). Effects of garlic (Allium sativum) supplemented fish diet on sensory, chemical and microbiological properties of rainbow trout during storage at− 18 C. LWT, 92, 155-160.
Öz, M., Dikel, S., & Durmus, M. (2018a). Effect of black cumin oil (Nigella sativa) on the growth performance, body composition and fatty acid profile of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 17(4), 713-724.
Öz, M., Dikel, S., İnanan, B. E., Karaşahin, T., Durmuş, M. U. Y., & Uçar, Y. (2017). Borik asidin gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss)'nın hepatosomatik ve viserosomatik indeks değerleri üzerine etkileri. Journal of Advances in VetBio Science and Techniques JAVST, 2(1), 6-10.
Öz, M., Inanan, B. E., & Dikel, S. (2018b). Effect of boric acid in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) growth performance. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 46(1), 990-993.
Öz, M., Karașahin, T., Aksoy, N. H., Inanan, B. E., & DIKEL, S. (2020b). Harmful effects of dietary supplementation of boron on blood parameters of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society, 71(2), 2227-2234.
Öz, M., Tatil, T., & Dikel, S. (2021). Effects of boric acid on the growth performance and nutritional content of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Chemosphere, 129895.
Öz, M., Üstüner, E. (2021). Sazan (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) Yetiştiriciliği. Ilıman İklim Balıkları Yetiştiriciliği. Editör, Suat DİKEL. Akademisyen kitabevi, ISBN: 978-625-7275-63-7, DOI: 10.37609/akya.559.
Öz, M., Yavuz, O., & Bolukbas, F. (2020a). Histopathology changes in the rainbow trout (Onchorhyncus mykiss) consuming boric acid supplemented fish fodder. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 62, 126581.
Sargent, J. R. (1995). Origins and function of eggs lipids: Nutritional implication. Broodstock management and egg and larval quality, 353-372.
Sargent, J. R., Bell, J. G., Bell, M. V., Henderson, R. J., & Tocher, D. R. (1995). Requirement criteria for essential fatty acids. Journal of applied Ichthyology, 11(3/4), 183-198.
Uçak, I., Oz, M., & Maqsood, S. (2019). Products based on omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and health effects. The Role of Alternative and Innovative Food Ingredients and Products in Consumer Wellness; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Yıldız, M., Eroldoğan, T. O., Ofori-Mensah, S., Engin, K., & Baltacı, M. A. (2018). The effects of fish oil replacement by vegetable oils on growth performance and fatty acid profile of rainbow trout: Re-feeding with fish oil finishing diet improved the fatty acid composition. Aquaculture, 488, 123-133.