Türkiye'de tüketime sunulan perakende balıklarda stafilokok ve enterokok varlığı ve özellikleri

Araştırmamızda, Atlantik somonu (Salmo salar), palamut (Sarda sarda), deniz alabalığı (Salmo trutta) ve avrupa levreğinden (Dicentrararchus labrax) oluşan 247 balık örneğinden, toplam 163 (%66.0) Staphylococcus ve 52 (%21.0) Enterococcus izole edilmiştir. Staphylococcus izolatları, S. aureus (%8.0), S. intermedius (%6.7), S. warneri (%32.0), S. hemolyticus (%22.7), S. saprophyticus (%7.4), S. simulans ( %5.5), S. capitis (%5.5), S. xylosus (%4.9), S. epidermidis (%4.3), S. schleiferi (%1.8) ve S. caprae (%1.2) olarak adlandırılmıştır. Enterococcus izolatları ise, E. faecalis (%46.1), E. avium (%25.0), E. solitarius (%11.5), E. gallinarium (%7.7), E. casseliflavus (%6.0), E. maladoratus ( %1,9) ve E. flavescens (%1,9) olarak adlandırılmıştır. Staphylococcus izolatlarının çoğunda biyofilm oluşumu (%93.8), lipaz üretimi (%89.6), slime üretimi (%84.0), hemolitik aktivite (%69.9), DNaz aktivitesi (%63.1) ve proteaz üretimi (%57.0) tespit edilmiştir. Enterococcus izolatlarının sırasıyla %94,2'sinde, %90.3'ünde, %57.7'sinde, %36.5'inde ve %3.8'inde biyofilm oluşumu, slime oluşumu, DNaz aktivitesi, proteoliz ve hemoliz tespit edilmiştir. Enterococcus türlerinin hiçbirinde lipolitik aktivite belirlenmemiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, biyofilm, slime, proteaz, lipaz, DNaz, hemolizin

Occurrence and characteristics of staphylococci and enterococci in retail fish used for human consumption in Turkey

A total of 163 (66.0 %) Staphylococcus isolates and 52 (21.0 %) Enterococcus isolates were isolated from 247 fish samples consisting of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), Atlantic bonito (Sarda sarda), Sea trout (Salmo trutta), and European seabass (Dicentrararchus labrax). The Staphylococcus isolates were identified as S. aureus (8.0 %), S. intermedius (6.7 %), S. warneri (32.0 %), S. hemolyticus (22.7 %), S. saprophyticus (7.4 %), S. simulans (5.5 %), S. capitis (5.5 %), S. xylosus (4.9 %), S. epidermidis (4.3 %), S. schleiferi (1.8 %) and S. caprae (1.2 %). The Enterococcus isolates were identified as E. faecalis (46.1 %), E. avium (25.0 %), E. solitarius (11.5 %), E. gallinarium (7.7 %), E. casseliflavus (6.0 %), E. maladoratus (1.9 %), and E. flavescens (1.9 %). The majority of Staphylococcus strains had biofilm formation (93.8 %), lipase production (89.6 %), slime production (84.0 %), hemolytic activity (69.9 %), DNase activity (63.1 %) and protease production (57.0 %). Biofilm formation, slime formation, DNase activity, proteolysis, and hemolysis were detected in 94.2 %, 90.3 %, 57.7 %, 36.5 %, and 3.8 % of Enterococcus strains, respectively. None of the Enterococcus species had lipolytic activity.

Keywords:

Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, biofilm, slime, protease, lipase, DNase, hemolysin.,

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