Taşıt Lastik Tozlarının Toprak Enzim Aktiviteleri Üzerindeki Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Taşıtlardan kaynaklanan çevresel kirlilik ülkemiz için büyük bir sorun oluşturmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalar genellikle egzozdan kaynaklı partikül maddeler üzerine yoğunlaşmış olup taşıt lastiklerinin sürtünmesiyle oluşan lastik tozlarının çevresel etkileri üzerinde daha az durulmuştur. Bu çalışmada, sürtünme sonucu toz haline gelerek yol kenarlarındaki topraklara karışan taşıt lastiklerinin, bazı toprak verimlilik parametreleri üzerindeki etkilerinin laboratuvarda yürütülen bir inkübasyon çalışmasıyla ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında topraklara %1, %5 ve %10 oranlarını sağlayacak miktarlarda taşıt lastiği tozu eklenmiş ve 45 gün süren inkübasyon süresince alınan örneklerde arginin amonifikasyon hızı ile üreaz ve alkali fosfataz enzim aktivitelerindeki değişimler incelenmiştir. Çalışmada ayrıca lastik tozu uygulanmış topraklara atıksu arıtma çamuru ilave edilerek çamurun bu topraklardaki iyileştirici etkisi de değerlendirilmiştir. İnkübasyon çalışması sonuçları lastik tozu uygulanan topraklardaki üreaz aktivitesi değerlerinin kontrol değerlerine göre önemli şekilde (%90-95) düştüğünü göstermektedir. Benzer şekilde, %10 oranında uygulanan lastik tozları, topraktaki arginin amonifikasyon hızı değerleri üzerinde inhibisyon etkisi göstermiştir (%81). Lastik tozu uygulanan topraklara yapılan arıtma çamuru uygulaması aktivite değerlerini belirgin şekilde yükseltmiştir. Diğer taraftan çalışmada uygulanan oranlardaki lastik tozunun topraklardaki alkali fosfataz aktivitesini inhibe etmediği görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak yürütülen çalışma ışığında, topraktaki amonifikasyon proseslerinin taşıt lastik tozlarından kaynaklanan kirliliğe daha duyarlı olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Taşıt lastik tozu, Amonifikasyon, Enzim aktiviteleri, İnkübasyon, Toprak kirliliği

Evaluation of the Effects of Vehicle Tire Dusts on Soil Enzyme Activities

Environmental pollution from vehicles is a major problem for our country. Studies have generally focused on particulate matter originating from the exhaust, and the environmental effects of vehicle tire dusts have been less emphasized. In this study, it is aimed to reveal the effects of vehicle tires which are pulverized by the effect of friction and reached to the roadside soils, on some soil fertility parameters by a laboratory incubation study. Vehicle tire dust samples were added to the soils with doses of 1%, 5% and 10% and the samples, taken during the 45 days incubation period, were examined for the variation in arginine amonification rate, urease and alkaline phosphatase enzyme activities. In addition, wastewater sludge sample was added to the soils treated with tire dust and the biostimulating effect of wastewater sludges on these soils has been evaluated. The results show that the values of urease activity in soils treated with tire dust decreased significantly (90-95%) with respect to to the control values. Tire dust application at dose of 10% showed an inhibition effect on arginine amonification rate values in soil (81%). The application of the wastewater sludge to the tire dust amended soil significantly increased the activity values. It’s also found that tire dust didn’t inhibit alkaline phosphatase activity in soils. Accordingly, it is concluded that the ammonification processes in soil were found to be more susceptible to pollution from tire dusts.

Keywords:

Ammonification, Vehicle Tire Dust, Enzyme Activity, Incubation, Soil pollution,

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