Şerife Pınar GÜVEL, Mehmet Ali AKGÜL, Hakan AKSU

Tahtaköprü Baraj Havzasında Sediment Verim Analizi

Baraj ve göletlerin planlanmasında ve işletilmesindeki en önemli kriterlerden bir tanesi depolanacak su hacminin tespitidir. Bu miktar planlamadan önce yersel olarak, baraj ve gölet su tutulmasından sonra ise batimetrik harita yapılarak hesaplanmaktadır. İşletme süresince, baraj rezervuarına gelen sedimentasyon kaynaklı olarak bu hacim zamanla azalmakta, bu durum su yapısının işletilmesinde sorun olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Tahtaköprü Baraj rezervuarında baraj inşaatından önce hazırlanan yersel harita ile hidrografik harita yapım yılları arasında rezervuar depolama hacmi değişimi CBS modülleri aracılığı ile hesaplanmıştır. Baraj rezervuarında depolama hacminde maksimum su seviyesinde %9,15, minimum su seviyesinde %51,90 oranında azalmanın sediment birikiminden kaynaklandığı belirlenmiştir. Havzadaki arazi örtüsü ve orman alanındaki değişimlerin rezervuar sediment birikimine etkisi incelenmiş ve arazi örtüsü ve orman alanlarının rezervuardaki sediment birikimini azalttığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca sürdürülebilir su kaynakları yönetimi kapsamında su kaynaklarından etkin olarak yararlanabilmek için, rezervuar işletme kurallarının belirlenmesinde karar vericileri desteklemek amacıyla, maksimum ve minimum su seviyelerinde rezervuar depolama hacimlerindeki azalmanın kıyaslanması için, 1962, 1980 ve 2014 yılları sayısal arazi modelleri karşılaştırılarak sediment kalınlık haritaları hazırlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Coğrafi bilgi sistemi, sediment birikimi, Tahtaköprü Barajı, su kaynakları yönetimi

Sediment Yield Analysis in Tahtaköprü Dam Basin

The determination of the volume of water to be stored is one of the most important criteria for dam and pond planning and operation. This amount is calculated locally prior to planning studies, and a bathymetric map is created following water storage in the reservoir. Because of sedimentation during the operation period, the volume of the reservoir decreases over time, and this situation appears as a problem in the operation of the water structure. In this study, the reservoir storage volume changes and reservoir sediment accumulation rates between the locally produced map before the construction of Tahtaköprü Dam and the hydrographic survey maps prepared during operation period were investigated by using GIS modules. It was determined that the decrease in the storage volume of the dam reservoir at the maximum water level by 9.15% and at the minimum water level by 51.90% was due to sediment accumulation. The effect of the changes in the land cover and forest area in the basin on reservoir sedimentation was examined and it was found that land cover and forest area in the basin have reduced sediment accumulation in the reservoir. Furthermore, sediment thickness change was mapped to compare the decrease in the storage volume capacity of the reservoir at the maximum water level and at the minimum water level by comparing the digital elevation models of 1962, 1980 and 2014 to support the decision-makers on determining reservoir operation rules in order to benefit water resources effectively within the scope of sustainable management of water resources.

Keywords:

Geographic information system, sediment accumulation, Tahtaköprü Dam, water resources management,

PDF

___

Ceylan, A., Karabörk, H., Ekizoğlu, İ. (2011) An analysis of bathymetric changes in Altınapa Reservoir, Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vol.6, No.2, p.15-24.
Copernicus, https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover (Date of access: 06.07.2020).
Darama, Y., Selek, Z., Selek, B., Akgül, M.A., Dağdeviren, M. (2019) Determination of sediment deposition of Hasanlar Dam using bathymetric and remote sensing studies, Natural Hazards, DOI: 10.1007/s11069-019-03635-y, June 2019.
DSİ, “Devlet Su İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü Stratejik Plan 2019-2023”, Ankara, 2018.(in Turkish)
DSİ, Türkiye akarsularında süspanse sediment gözlemleri (2006-2012), Mayıs 2013, Ankara. (in Turkish)
DSİ Umum Müdürlüğü, Asi Havzası İstikşaf Raporu, Ankara, 1958. (in Turkish)
Ehigiator, M.O., Oladosu, O.S., Ehigiator-Irughe, I. R. (2017) Determination of volume and direction of flow of Kainji Reservoir using Hydro-Geomatics techniques, Nigerian Journal of Technology (NIJOTECH), Vol.36, No.4, October 2017, pp.1010-1015. 2017
El-Sersawy, H., Sediment deposition mapping in Aswan High Dam Reservoir using geographic information system (GIS), Ninth International Water Technology Conference, IWTC9 2005, Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt.
Estigoni, M.V., Requena Sanchez, N.P., Miranda, R.B., Kuwajima, J.I., Mauad, F.F., Comparison of methods to assess reservoir volume and sedimentation based on bathymetric surveys, 3rd IAHR Europe Congress, Book of Proceedings, 2014, Porto-Portugal.
Güvel. Ş.P., Yurtal, R.(2020) Investigation of sedimentation effects on Seyhan Dam Reservoir, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 35:2, 1015-1025.
Güvel, Ş.P., Selek, B., Seçkin, G. (2017) Baraj rezervuarlarına sediment etkisinin araştırılması: Berdan Barajı örneği. Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 32 (1), ss.89-97. (in Turkish)
IECO, (1966) Amik Geliştirilmesi Teknik ve Ekonomik Fizibilite Raporu, Amik Gölü Projesi Tahtaköprü Projesi, Mayıs 1966.(in Turkish)
Khoi, D.N., Suetsugi T. (2014) Impact of climate and land-use changes on hydrological processes and sediment yield—a case study of the Be River catchment, Vietnam, Hydrological Sciences Journal, 59:5, 1095-1108, DOI: 10.1080/02626667.2013.819433. 2014
Kubinský, D., Lehotský, M., Weis, K. (2014) Changes in bathymetry and land cover of riparian zone of an old artificial water reservoir Veľký Kolpašký, Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, February 2014, Vol.9, No.1, p.171-178.
Loi, N.K., (2020) Effect of land use/ land cover changes and practices on sediment contribution to the Tri An Reservoir of Dong Nai Watershed, Vietnam. (http://www.fao.org/3/XII/0068-B1.htm, Date of access: 12.07.2020)
Lu, S.S., Xia, X.M., Pan, X.S., Shi, L.Q., Yu, L.L. Recent changes of water discharge and sediment load from Feiyun River in Zhejiang Province, China. Water Resources, 2017, Vol.44, No.1, pp.43-51.
Mincev, I., Blinkov, I., Trendafilov, A. (2019) Sedimentation rates and lifespan analyses in the reservoir “Kalimanci”. Contributions, Section of Natural, Mathematical and Biotechnical Sciences, MASA, Vol.40, No.2, pp.181-189.
Ninija Merina, R., Sashikkumar, M.C., Danesh, A., Rizvana, N. (2019) Modelling technique for sediment evaluation at reservoir (South India). Water Resources, Vol.46, No.4, pp.553-562.
Samaila-Ija, H.A., Ajayi, O.G., Zitta, N., Odumosu, J.O., Kuta, A.A., Adesina, E.A., Ibrahim, P., (2014) Bathymetric survey and volumetric analysis for sustainable management case study of Suleja Dam, Niger State, Nigeria, Journal of Environment and Earth Science, Vol.4, No.18.
Sang, J.K., Raude, J.M., Mati, B.M., Mutwiwa, U.N., Ochieng, F. (2017) Dual echo sounder bathymetric survey for enhanced management of Ruiru reservoir, Kenya, Journal of Sustainable Research in Engineering, Vol.3(4), 2017, 113-118.
Selek, B., Aksu, H. Water resources potential of Turkey. In: Harmancioglu N., Altinbilek D. (eds) Water resources of Turkey. World Water Resources, vol 2. Springer, Cham doi: /10.1007/978-3-030-11729-0_8. 2020
Tukaram, S., Nimbalkar, P.T, Gidde, M.R., Comparison of area reduction method and area increment method for reservoir sedimentation distribution- case study Ujjani Dam, International Journal of Research in Advanced Engineering and Technology, Vol.2, Issue.3, May 2016, Page No.108-111. 2016