Simultaneous determination of alachlor, bifenox and nitrofen as herbicides in lake, municipal wastewater and soil samples by gas chromatography mass spectrometry
Simultaneous determination of alachlor, bifenox and nitrofen as herbicides in lake, municipal wastewater and soil samples by gas chromatography mass spectrometry
The benefits derived from pesticide usage are a worldwide phenomenon which has helped prevent food shortages and prevented deadlydiseases. However, negative effects that have resulted from these very same chemicals has led to regulations and bans on some of them.This study was aimed at simultaneously determining three herbicides in lake, wastewater and soil samples by gas chromatography massspectrometry. The samples selected are very commonly contaminated by pesticide production and application, and they are importantenvironmental resources that need to be preserved. The figures of merits determined for the analytes were appreciable. None of theanalytes were detected in the samples (according to limits of detection) and spiked recovery tests were therefore performed to ascertainthe amount of analytes that can be determined when present in the samples. The percent recoveries calculated for lake and wastewaterspiked at two concentrations ranged between 90 – 104%. The spiked soil sample was extracted with acetonitrile and a blank soil extractwas used to prepare matrix matched calibration standards. The percent recovery obtained using the matrix matching standards rangedbetween 92% and 99% for the three analytes.
___
- C.D. Selali, K. Yeşim, K. Sena, Ö. Çağla, B.A. Emin, B.
Sezgin, Multivariate optimization of dispersive liquid–liquid
microextraction for the determination of paclobutrazol and
triflumizole in water by GC–MS, Journal of Separation Science,
40 (2017) 4541-4548.
- E.A. Songa, J.O. Okonkwo, Recent approaches to improving
selectivity and sensitivity of enzyme-based biosensors for
organophosphorus pesticides: A review, Talanta, 155 (2016) 289-
304.
- J. Cooper, H. Dobson, The benefits of pesticides to mankind
and the environment, Crop Protection, 26 (2007) 1337-1348.
- A.E. Bulgurcuoğlu, B. Yılmaz, D.S. Chormey, S. Bakırdere,
Simultaneous determination of estrone and selected pesticides in
water medium by GC-MS after multivariate optimization of
microextraction strategy, Environmental Monitoring and
Assessment, 190 (2018) 252.
- R.L. Zimdahl, Chapter 7 - DDT: An Insecticide, Six
Chemicals That Changed Agriculture, Academic Press, San
Diego, 2015, pp. 115-133.
[6] P.K. Gupta, Chapter 39 - Herbicides and fungicides,
Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, Academic Press,
San Diego, 2011, pp. 503-521.
- A.M. Au, PESTICIDES AND HERBICIDES | Types, Uses,
and Determination of Herbicides A2 - Caballero, Benjamin,
Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition (Second Edition),
Academic Press, Oxford, 2003, pp. 4483-4487.
- L. Durães Sette, L.A. Mendonça Alves da Costa, A.J.
Marsaioli, G.P. Manfio, Biodegradation of alachlor by soil
streptomycetes, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 64
(2004) 712-717.
- M. Dehghani, S. Nasseri, Z. Zamanian, Biodegradation of
alachlor in liquid and soil cultures under variable carbon and
nitrogen sources by bacterial consortium isolated from corn field
soil, Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Science &
Engineering, 10 (2013) 21-21.
- Y. Jeon, J. Kim, S. Cho, T.H. Kim, Bifenox: methyl 5-(2,4-
dichlorophenoxy)-2-nitrobenzoate, Acta Crystallographica
Section E: Structure Reports Online, 69 (2013) o1206-o1206.
- K. Vorkamp, R. Bossi, K. Bester, U.E. Bollmann, S. Boutrup,
New priority substances of the European Water Framework
Directive: Biocides, pesticides and brominated flame retardants in
the aquatic environment of Denmark, Science of The Total
Environment, 470-471 (2014) 459-468.
- S.M. Smith, 6.23 - Environmentally Induced Heart
Malformations A2 - McQueen, Charlene A, Comprehensive
Toxicology (Second Edition), Elsevier, Oxford, 2010, pp. 429-
446.
- W. Mnif, A.I.H. Hassine, A. Bouaziz, A. Bartegi, O. Thomas,
B. Roig, Effect of Endocrine Disruptor Pesticides: A Review,
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public
Health, 8 (2011) 2265-2303.
- R. Keijzer, J. Liu, J. Deimling, D. Tibboel, M. Post, Dual-Hit
Hypothesis Explains Pulmonary Hypoplasia in the Nitrofen
Model of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia, The American
Journal of Pathology, 156 (2000) 1299-1306.
- A. Stachniuk, E. Fornal, Liquid Chromatography-Mass
Spectrometry in the Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Food, Food
Analytical Methods, 9 (2016) 1654-1665.
- O. Coskun, Separation techniques: Chromatography,
Northern Clinics of Istanbul, 3 (2016) 156-160.
- E. Forgács, T. Cserháti, CHROMATOGRAPHY | Principles
A2 - Caballero, Benjamin, Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and
Nutrition (Second Edition), Academic Press, Oxford, 2003, pp.
1259-1267.
- X. Cao, P.A. Limbach, Mass Spectrometry: Nucleic Acids
and Nucleotides Studied Using MS☆ A2 - Lindon, John C, in:
G.E. Tranter, D.W. Koppenaal (Eds.) Encyclopedia of
Spectroscopy and Spectrometry (Third Edition), Academic Press,
Oxford, 2017, pp. 764-771.