Kentsel Arıcılık Kuralları ve Zorlukları

Bal arısı (Apis mellifera L.), dünyada en yaygın yetiştirilen ve hem ekonomik hem de ekolojik bakımdan çok önemli bir böcek türüdür. Kentsel alanlarda kırsal alanlara oranla hem pestisit hem de parazit yükünün daha düşük olması ve daha fazla çiçekli bitki çeşitliliğinin bulunması gibi birçok sebepten dolayı son yıllarda kentsel alanlarda da bal arısı yetiştiriciliği giderek artmaya ve bütün dünyada popüler olmaya başlamıştır. Günümüzde bal arısı kolonileri kent merkezlerindeki binaların çatı ve teraslarından evlerin arka bahçelerine kadar her yerde bulunmaktadır. Kentsel arıcılık uygulamaları banliyö ve kırsal alanlardaki uygulamalara benzer olmakla birlikte, yoğun nüfuslu kentsel ortamlarda, kent arıcıları kovan yerleştirme, koloni yönetimi, oğul ve yağmacılığı önleme, su kaynağı temini, insan/arı etkileşimi ve arı dışkısı gibi birçok konuda zorluklarla karşı karşıya kalmaktadırlar. Kentsel arıcılık yeni endişeler de yaratmaktadır. Şehirlerde artan bal arısı koloni yoğunlukları, bal arısı koloni verimliliğini azaltmasının yanı sıra parazit ve patojenleri bulaştırarak ve nektar ve polen kaynakları için rekabet ederek yabani arı türlerini olumsuz etkileyebilmektedir. Bu nedenle kentsel arıcılık faaliyetlerinde riskleri en aza, faydaları en üst düzeye çıkaracak düzenlemelere ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır. Bu derlemede, kent arıcılığına ilişkin güncel düzenlemeler ele alınmış ve kent sakinlerinden gelen şikâyetlerin azaltılmasına yönelik bazı öneriler sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Kentsel Arıcılık, Düzenlemeler, Zorluklar, Sürdürülebilirlik, Arı Ürünleri

Urban Beekeeping Rules and Challenges

Honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) is the most widely grown insect species in the world and is very important both economically and ecologically. Recently, keeping honey bees in urban areas is becoming also increasingly pop-ular around the world due to many reasons such as the presence of more flowering plant diversity in parks, gardens and other green areas of urban areas compared to rural areas, and the lower risk of both pesticides and parasites in urban areas. Today, honey bee colonies are found everywhere, from the roofs and terraces of buildings in city cores to suburban backyards. While urban beekeeping practices are similar to those in suburban and rural areas, in densely populated urban environment, urban beekeepers face many challenges such as hive placement, colony management, preventing of swarming and robbing, provision of water source, human/bee interaction and bee poo. Urban beekeeping creates new concerns. Increased honey bee colony densities in cities might have negative effects on wild bee species by transmitting parasites and pathogens and by competing for nectar and pollen resources in addition to honey bee colony productivity. There is, therefore, a need for good urban beekeeping regulations to maximize the benefits while minimizing the risks. In this review, current regulations regarding urban beekeeping were addressed and some suggestions were presented to reduce complaints from city dwellers.

Keywords:

Urban Beekeeping, Regulations, Challenges, Sustainability, Bee products,

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