SES SEMBOLİZMİ VE NESNE ALGISI İLİŞKİSİNE DAİR BİR İNCELEME

Ses sembolizmi, sözcüklerin ses özellikleri ve anlamları arasında rastgele olmayan bir ilişki olduğuyla ilgilidir. Bu konudaki nesnelerle ilgili yapılan çalışmalarda ses frekansının algılanan şekiller ile olan sistematik ilişkisi olarak sıklıkla araştırılmıştır. İnsanlar daha yüksek frekanslı sesleri açısal şekillerle ve düşük frekanslı sesleri yuvarlak şekillerle ilişkilendirir ve bu da Buba/Kiki etkisi olarak bilinir. Buna paralel olarak /i/ sesinin genellikle küçük, /a/ sesinin ise büyüklük özellikleriyle ilişkilendirildiği bulunmuştur. Dolayısıyla ses sembolizmi boyut algısında da görülmektedir. Ses sembolik kelimelerin bir alt grubu olan yansıma kelimeler tanımladıkları malzemelerin sesini taklit eder. Japonca'da bu kelimeler, diğer duyusal deneyimlerin yanı sıra yüzey malzemesi niteliklerinin algılanmasıyla da bağlantılıdır. Japonca'ya benzer şekilde, Türkçe de günlük konuşmalarda sıkça kullanılan ses sembolik kelimeler bakımından oldukça zengindir (örneğin, şap şap, tıkır tıkır). Bu yazıda öncelikle Buba/Kiki etkisi etrafında alanyazındaki ses-şekil ilişkilendirmelerine örnekler verilecektir. Daha sonra ses-boyut ilişkisine değinilecektir. Son olarak ses sembolizminin nesnelerin sadece şekil veya boyutlarıyla ilgili değil, malzemeleriyle de ilgili olduğunu gösteren çalışmalara yer verilecektir. Türkçe’deki kısıtlı örneklere değinilerek yazı sonlandırılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

ses sembolizmi, algı, buba/kiki etkisi

An Examination of Sound Symbolism and Object Perception

Sound symbolism is concerned with the non-arbitrary relationship between the sound properties of words and their meanings. Object perception literature provides numerous evidence for the systematic relationship between sound frequency and perceived shapes. People often associate higher-frequency sounds with angular shapes and lower-frequency sounds with rounded shapes, known as the Bouba/Kiki effect. In parallel, it has also been found that the /i/ sound is generally associated with small objects, and /a/ sound is associated with large objects. Therefore, there is also evidence for sound symbolism in size perception. A subgroup of sound-symbolic words are onomatopoeic words, words that imitate the sound of the materials they describe. In Japanese, these words are linked to the perception of surface material qualities, as well as other sensory experiences. Similar to Japanese, Turkish is rich in sound-symbolic words that are frequently used in daily speech (e.g., şap şap, tıkır tıkır). In this article, the first focus will be on the Buba/Kiki effect, where I will give examples of sound-shape associations across languages and cultures. Later, the sound-size relationship will be discussed. Finally, literature on Japanese onomatopoeic words related to surface material qualities will be presented to demonstrate that sound symbolism is not only related to the shape or size of objects but also to their materials. The article will end by touching on the limited examples in the Turkish language.

Keywords:

Perception, Sound symbolism, Bouba/Kiki Effect,

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