Koyun ve Keçilerde Digital Dermatitis

Şiddetli topallıkla seyreden contagious ovine digital dermatitis (CODD), koyunların enfeksiyöz karekterli bir ayak hastalığıdır. İlk defa 1997 yılında İngiltere'de bildirilmiştir. CODD'un etiyolopatogenezi henüz açık değildir. Sığırlarda digital dermatitise neden olan treponemaların, CODD etiyolojisinde de rol oynadığı belirtilmektedir. Benzer treponema grupları keçilerin ve geyiklerin (cervus elephus) ayak hastalıklarından da izole edilmiştir. Hastalık keçilerde, klinik ve mikrobiyolojik bulgularının CODD ile benzerliği nedeniyle, contagious caprine digital dermatitis (CCDD) olarak adlandırılmıştır. CODD için en büyük risk faktörünün piyeten olduğu belirtilmektedir. Sindirim kanalı digital dermatitis ilişkili treponemaların potansiyel enfeksiyon rezarvuarıdır. Hastalık şiddetli topallıkla karakterizedir. Başlangıçta yangı koroner bantta başlar ve bunu boynuz tırnağın koryumdan progresif olarak ayrılması izler. Boynuz tırnak ayrılmaları ve koryum nekrozu hastalığın şiddeti ile pareleldir. COOD'un tanısı hastalığın klinik bulguları ve şiddeti doğrultusunda yapılır. Anektodal tedavi denemeleri, lokal ve/veya parenteral olarak verilen diğer antibiyotiklerin de yararlı olabileceğini gösterirken; kanıta dayalı tedavi denemeleri uzun etkili amoksisilinin parenteral yolla verilmesinin CODD için etkili bir tedavi olduğun göstermektedir. Uygun biyogüvenlik ve çiftlik yönetimi protokolleri ve aşıların geliştirilmesini kapsayan sürdürülebilir kontrol stratejilerinin geliştirilebilmesi için daha ileri mikrobiyolojik ve epidemiyolajik çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu derlemede CODD'un etiyolojik, epidemiyolojik ve klinik yönleri ile control yaklaşımları hakkında güncel bilgiler değerlendirilmiştir.

Digital Dermatitis in Sheep and Goats

Contagious ovine digital dermatitis (CODD) which characterised by severe lameness is an infectious foot disease in sheep. It was first described in the UK in 1997. The aetiopathogenesis of CODD is currently unclear. It is stated that treponemes caused digital dermatitis in cattle also play a role in the etiology of CODD. The same treponema phylogroups was isolated also from goats and elk (cervus elephus). The diseases was named caprine contagious digital dermatitis (CCDD) in goats because of clinical and microbiological similarity with CODD. It was remarked that the biggest risk factor for CODD was footrot. The gastrointestinal tract is a potential infection reservoir of digital dermatitis-associated treponemes. The disease charactised by severe lameness. Initially, the inflammation starts on the coronary band and followed by progressive separation of the hoof capsule from the chorium. Separations of hoof capsule and necrosis of chorium is parallel with severity of the disease. The diagnosis of CODD was made in the direction of clinical sings and severity of the disease. Evidenced-based treatment trials indicate that parenteral administration of long-acting amoxicillin is an efficacious treatment for CODD, while anecdotal evidence suggests other antibiotics, given locally and/or parenterally, may also be beneficial. Further microbiological and epidemiological research is required to develop sustainable control strategies, including the development of vaccines and appropriate biosecurity and farm management protocols. In this review current knowledge of the clinical, aetiological, and epidemiological aspects of CODD and approaches to its control was assessed.

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