İngiliz Modernist Şiirde Umutsuzluk Çerçevesi

Edebiyatta modernist şiir, modern dünyanın kötü olaylarını estetik bir dille anlatan bir mekanizma olarak tanımlanmaktadır. İnsanların sosyal, ruhsal, felsefi veya dini sorunlarını ele alan modernist şiir, insanların çalkantılı dönemlerdeki durumunu edebi olarak betimlemektedir. İngiliz edebiyatında Thomas Stearns Eliot (1888-1965), Thomas Hardy (1840-1928), Gerard Manley Hopkins (1844-1889) ve William Butler Yeats (1865-1939) gibi önde gelen modernist şairler, dönemin karamsar şartlarını konu edinmişlerdir. Dolayısıyla bu şairlerin şiirlerinde karamsarlık ve umutsuzluk teması hayli yaygındır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, bu şairlerin şiirlerinde umutsuzluğun işlenmesinin değerlendirilmesidir. Bu şairlerin şiirlerindeki umutsuzluk, kimlik ve anlam kaybı, güvensizlik duygusu, parçalanmışlık, iletişim eksikliği ya da bir mesajı iletmekte dilin yetersizliği kavramları aracılığıyla incelenenecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

T. S. Eliot, T. Hardy, G. M. Hopkins, W. B. Yeats, modernist şiir, umutsuzluk kavramı

A FRAME OF HOPELESSNESS IN ENGLISH MODERNIST POETRY

Modernist poetry has been regarded as an articulate aesthetic mechanism with a beautiful expression of ugly occurrences of the modern epoch. Premised on the multiple debates about human beings’ social, mental, philosophical, or religious issues, modernist poetry conveys people’s conditions during turbulent times. Such eminent figures of English modernist poetry like Thomas Stearns Eliot (1888-1965), Thomas Hardy (1840-1928), Gerard Manley Hopkins (1844-1889), and William Butler Yeats (1865-1939) portray the gloomy atmosphere of the period in their works. Therefore, their poems embody the idea of pessimism and hopelessness. Pessimism and hopelessness in their poems will be analysed through the themes of loss of identity and meaning, sense of insecurity, fragmentation, and lack of communication or inadequacy of language to convey a message.

Keywords:

T. S. Eliot, T. Hardy, G. M. Hopkins, W. B. Yeats, modernist poetry, hopelessness,

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