Effects of acrylamide and crocin on rat lung tissue
Effects of acrylamide and crocin on rat lung tissue
Aim: We aimed to determine the effects of acrylamide (AA) and crocin (Cr) on rat lung tissues. Materials and Methods: Forty Wistar albino rats were divided into control, AA, Cr, and AA + Cr groups. Rats were administered 25 mg/kg AA and 50 mg/kg Cr for 21 days. After 21 days, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and protein levels were measured in rat lung tissues. Results: The analysis of the rat lung tissues revealed that oxidant parameter markers (MDA, TOS, OSI) increased and antioxidant parameter markers (GSH, TAS, SOD, CAT) decreased in the AA group when compared to all other groups (p < 0.05). A significant increase was determined in antioxidant capacity (GSH, TAS, SOD, CAT) in the Cr-treatment group when compared to all other groups (p < 0.05). We found a significant improvement in oxidant-antioxidant parameters in the AA + Cr group when compared to the AA group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study was the first of its kind in the literature and revealed that AA administration led to damages in lung tissue. It could be suggested that this was due to an increase in oxidant levels and oxidative stress. Cr exerted a powerful antioxidant effect in lung tissues. Against AA toxicity, we recommend the consumption of Cr to improve antioxidant capacity.
___
- 1. Exon JH. A review of the toxicology of acrylamide: J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev. 2006; 9:397–412.
- 2. Nordin AM, Walum E, Kjellstrand P, et al. Acrylamide – inducedd effects on general and neurospecific cellular functions during exposure and recovery. Cell Biol Toxicol 2003;19:43-51.
- 3. Tareke E, Rydberg P, Karlsson P, et al. Analysis of acrylamide, a carcinogen formed in heated food stuffs. J Agric Food Chem 2002;50: 4998–5006.
- 4. Sickles D, Goldstein B. Acrylamide produces a direct, dosedependent and specific inhibition of oxidative metabolism in motoneurons. Neurotoxicol 1985;7:187–195.
- 5. LoPachin RM. The changing view of acrylamide neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicol 2004;25:617–630.
- 6. Erdemli ME, Aksungur Z, Gul M, et al. The effects of acrylamide and vitamin E on kidneys in pregnancy: an experimental study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2019; 22: 3747-3756
- 7. Erdemli Z, Erdemli ME, Turkoz Y, et al. The effects of acrylamide and Vitamin E administration during pregnancy on adult rats testis. Andrologia. 2019;51:e13292.
- 8. Erdemli ME, Altinoz E, Aksungur Z, et al. Biochemical investigation of the toxic effects of acrylamide administration during pregnancy on the liver of mother and fetus and the protective role of vitamin E. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2017; 30: 844–848.
- 9. Erdemli ME, Aladag MA, Altinoz E, et al. Acrylamide applied during pregnancy causes the neurotoxic effect bylowering BDNF levels in the fetal brain. Neurotoxicology and Teratology 2018; 67: 37–43.
- 10. Erdemli ME, Erdemli Z, Turkoz Y, et al. The effects of acrylamide and vitamin E administration during pregnancy on adults’ ovarian tissue: An experimental study. Ann Med Res 2019; 26:1856-60.
- 11. Synthesis, characterization and analysis of the acrylamide-and glycidamide-glutathione conjugates. Chemico-biological interactions. 2015; 237: 38-46.
- 12. Srivastava R, Ahmed H, Dixit RK, et al. Dharamveer SSA Crocus sativus L.: a comprehensive review. Pharmacogn Rev 2010; 4:200–208.
- 13. Hosseinzadeh H, Shamsaie F, Mehri S. Antioxidant activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Crocus sativus L. stigma and its bioactive constituents, crocin and safranal. Pharmacogn Mag 2009; 5:419-424.
- 14. Christodoulou E, Kadoglou NP, Kostomitsopoulos N, et al. Saffron: a natural product with potential pharmaceutical applications. J Pharm Pharmacol 2015;67:1634–1649.
- 15. Karimi E, Oskoueian E, Hendra R, et al. Evaluation of Crocus sativus L. Stigma phenolic and flavonoid compounds and its antioxidant activity. Molecules 2010;15:6244–6256.
- 16. Mashmoul M, Azlan A, Khaza’ai H, et al. Saffron: a natural potent antioxidant as a promising antiobesity drug. Antioxidants 2013;2:293–308.
- 17. Hosseinzadeh H, Noraei NB. Anxiolytic and hypnotic effect of Crocus sativus aqueous extract and its constituents, crocin and safranal, in mice. Phytother Res 2009; 23:768–774.
- 18. Hosseinzadeh H, Nassiri-Asl M. Avicenna’s (Ibn Sina) the canon of medicine and saffron (Crocus sativus): a review. Phytother Res 2013; 27:475–483.
- 19. Hosseinzadeh H, Sadeghnia HR. Effect of safranal, a constituent of Crocus sativus (saffron), on methyl methanesulfonate (MMS)- induced DNA damage in mouse organs: an alkaline single-cell gel Metab Brain Dis electrophoresis (comet) assay. DNA Cell Biol 2007; 26:841–846.
- 20. Gedik S, Erdemli ME, Gul M, et al. Investigation of the protective effects of crocin on acrylamide induced small and large intestine damage in rats. Biotechnic & Histochemistry 2018; 93: 267–276.
- 21. Erdemli ME, Gul M, Altinoz E, et al. The protective role of crocin in tartrazine induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 2017; 96: 930–935.
- 22. Altinoz E, Ozmen T, Oner Z et al. Effect of crocin on oxidative stress in recovery from single bout of swimming exercise in rats. Gen Physiol Biophys 2016; 35: 87–94
- 23. Erdemli ME, Gul M, Altinoz E et al. Can crocin play a preventive role in Wistar rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced nephrotoxicity? Iran J Basic Med Sci 2018; 21:382-387.
- 24. Altinoz E, Erdemli ME, Gul M, et al. Neuroprotection against CCl4 induced brain damage with crocin in Wistar rats. Biotec & Histochem 2018; 93: 623–631.
- 25. Selamoglu Z, Ozgen Senay. Therapeutic Potential of Saffron Crocus Crocus sativus L. TURJAF 2016; 12: 1240-1245. 26. Uchiyama M, Mihara M. Determination of MDA precursor in tissue by TBA test. Anal Biochem 1978; 36:271-278.
- 27. Ellman GL. Tissue sulphydryl groups. Arch Biochem Biophys 1979; 95: 351–358.
- 28. Jolitha AB, Subramanyam MV, Devi SA. Modification by vitamin E and exercise of oxidative stress in regions of aging rat brain: studies on superoxide dismutase isoenzymes and protein oxidation status. Exp Gerontol 2006; 41:753–763.
- 29. Aebi H. Methods of enzymatic analysis. Academic Press, New York and London: 1974; 673–677.
- 30. Erel O. A new automated colorimetric method for measuring total oxidant status. Clin Biochem 2005;38:1103-111.
- 31. Erel O. A novel automated direct measurement method for total antioxidant capacity using a new generation, more stable ABTS radical cation. Clin Biochem 2004;37: 277-285.
- 32. V.C. Broaddus, J.R. Mason, Murray & Nadel’s Textbook of Respiratory Medicine, sixth ed, Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia, 2016.
- 33. Hajimohammadi B, Athari SM, Abdollahi M, et al. Oral Administration of Acrylamide Worsens the Inflammatory Responses in the Airways of Asthmatic Mice Through Agitation of Oxidative Stress in the Lungs. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1940.doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01940
- 34. Ghorbel I, Chaâbane M, Boudawara O et al. Dietary unsaponifiable fraction of extra virgin olive oil supplementation attenuates lung injury and DNA damage of rats co-exposed to aluminum and acrylamide. Environ Sci Pollut Res 2016; 23:19397–19408
- 35. Conti A, Tryndyak V, VonTungeln LS, et al. Genotoxic and Epigenotoxic Alterations in the Lung and Liver of Mice Induced by Acrylamide: A 28 Day Drinking Water Study. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32: 869−877
- 36. Batorya M, Semla-Kurzawa M, Zysk B, et al. Acrylamideinduced alterations in lungs of mice in relation to oxidative stress indicators. J Environ Sci Health B 2019; 54: 745-751.
- 37. Zaghloul MS, Said E, Suddek GM, et al. Crocin attenuates lung inflammation and pulmonary vascular dysfunction in a rat model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Life Sciences 2019; 235: 116794.
- 38. Wang J, Kuai J, Luo Z, et al. Crocin attenuates lipopolysacchride-induced acute lung injury in mice. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015;8:4844-4850.
- 39. Yosri H, Elkashef WF, Said E, et al. Crocin modulates IL-4/IL13 signaling and ameliorates experimentally induced allergic airway asthma in a murine model. International Immunopharmacology 2017; 50:305–312.