Kavuzsuz yulaf çeşitlerinin tane verimi ve bazı kalite özellikleri

Yulaf çeşitlerinin yüksek tane verimi yanında kullanım amacına uygun kalite kriterlerine de sahip olması istenir. Bu amaçla bu çalışmada üç çevrede 8 kavuzsuz (çıplak) yulaf çeşidinin tane verimi ve kalite özellikleri çalışılmıştır. Çalışma 2007-2008 ve 2008-2009 yetiştirme sezonlarında Samsun-Kurupelit ve 2008-2009 yetiştirme sezonunda Bafra lokasyonlarında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada tane verimi, hektolitre ağırlığı, bin tane ağırlığı, tane kompozisyonu (protein, yağ, β-glukan, nişasta, yağ asidi, K, Ca, P ve Mg) değerlendirilmiştir. Birleştirilmiş varyans analiz sonuçları nişasta içeriği hariç incelenen tüm özelliklerin çeşitlere göre önemli oranda değiştiğini göstermiştir. Ayrıca, çeşit-lokasyon interaksiyonu tüm özellikler için önemli olmuştur. Lokasyonların ortalamasına göre; çeşitlerin tane verimi 2106.6 (Eva 1) ile 3891.99 (AC Belmont) kg ha-1, hektolitre ağırlığı 52.3 (Lisbeth) ile 60.8 (Eva 1) kg, bin tane ağırlığı 20.1 (Lisbeth) ile 26.6 (Eva 1) g, protein içeriği % 12.3 (AC Belmont) ile 15.3 (CROA 60), nişasta içeriği %57.5 (AC Belmont) ile 60.2 (Eva 1), β-glukan içeriği %4.1 (AC Belmont) ile 4.8 (CROA 60) ve yağ içeriği %5.0 (Eva 1) ile 7.7 (Mozart) arasında değişmiştir. Çeşitlerin yağ asitleri kompozisyonundaki küçük fakat önemli farklar bulunmuştur. Sonuçlar kavuzsuz yulaf çeşitlerin yağlarının hakim yağ asitlerinin oleik asit (%35.7-42.2), linoleik asit (%35.5-40.5) ve palmitik asit (%16.2-17.2) olduğunu göstermiştir. Yüksek besin değerinden dolayı, yulafın insan beslenmesinde kullanılması tavsiye edilmelidir.

Grain yield and some quality traits of naked oat cultivars

Oat cultivars should have both high yield potential and some quality criteria in accordance with using targets. Therefore, grain yield and quality traits of eight naked oat cultivars grown at three locations were studied. This study was carried out during the 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 growing seasons in Samsun-Kurupelit and Bafra locations. Grain yield, hectoliter weight, thousand grain weight, grain composition (protein, fat, β-glucan, starch, fatty acid, K, Ca, P and Mg) were evaluated. Analysis of the combined data for all locations showed significant genotypic differences for all traits except starch. Also, the cultivar × location interaction was significant for all traits. On average, among the cultivars, grain yield varied from 2106.6 (Eva 1) to 3891.9 (AC Belmont) kg ha-1, hectoliter weight from 52.3 (Lisbeth) to 60.8 (Eva 1) kg, thousand grain weight from 20.1 (Lisbeth) to 26.6 (Eva 1) g, protein content from 12.3 (AC Belmont) to 15.3% (CROA 60), the starch content ranged from 57.5 (AC Belmont) to 60.2% (Eva 1), β-glucan content from 4.1 (AC Belmont) to 4.8% (CROA 60) and fat concentration from 5.0 (Eva 1) to 7.7% (Mozart). Small but significant differences in fatty acid composition were found between the naked oat cultivars studied. The results showed that the predominant component of the studied naked oat grain fat was oleic acid (35.7-42.2%), linoleic acid (35.5-40.5%) and palmitic acid (16.2-17.2%). Owing to high nutritive values, oat should be recommended to use in human diets.

Keywords:

Naked oat; starch; protein; grain yield; fat,

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