Optimal Bir Üreterorenoskopi İşlemi Nasıl Yapılmalıdır?
Üreterorenoskopi URS işlemi güncel üroloji pratiğinin önemli bir kısmını oluşturmaktadır. Artmış deneyim ve yeni nesil cihazların geliştirilmesiyle birlikte günümüzde URS sadece üriner sistem taşlarının tedavisinde değil, aynı zamanda üreteral patolojilerin tanısı, darlıkların tedavisi ve tümör ablazyonu için de kullanıma girmiştir. URS her ne kadar çok sık uygulanan bir endoskopik girişim olsa da, URS sonrası genel komplikasyonların oranı %9-25’dir. Bu derlemede URS’nin endikasyonları, optimal koşullarda işlemin nasıl yapılması gerektiği ve komplikasyonları tartışılmış, aynı zamanda zorlu durumlarda uygulanabilecek klinik ipuçları verilmiştir
How Should Be Performed an Optimal Ureterorenoscopy Procedure?
Ureterorenoscopy URS is an important part of current urological practice. With increased experience and development of the new generation devices, URS is not only used for the treatment of ureteral stones but also for the diagnosis of ureteral pathologies, treatment of ureteral strictures and tumor ablation. Although URS is not a very common endoscopic procedure, the overall complication rate is 9-25%. In this review, we discuss the indications, optimal surgical conditions, and complications of the URS procedure. Clinical clues that can be used in challenging cases are also provided
___
- 1. Troy AJ, Anagnostou T, Tolley DA. Flexible upper tract
endoscopy. BJU Int 2004;93: 671-9.
- 2. de la Rosette J, Denstedt J, Geavlete P, Keeley F,
Matsuda T, Pearle M, Preminger G, Traxer O; CROES
URS Study Group. The clinical research office of
the endourology society ureteroscopy global study:
Indications, complications, and outcomes in 11,885
patients. J Endourol 2014;28: 131-9.
- 3. Ray AA, Ghiculete D, Pace KT, Honey RJ. Limitations to
ultrasound in the detection and measurement of urinary
tract calculi. Urology 2010;76: 295–300.
- 4. Türk C, Petřík A, Sarica K, Seitz C, Skolarikos A,
Straub M, Knoll T. EAU Guidelines on Diagnosis and
Conservative Management of Urolithiasis. Eur Urol
2016;69: 468-74.
- 5. Cybulski PA, Joo H, Honey RJ. Ureteroscopy: anesthetic
considerations. Urol Clin North Am 2004;31: 43-7.
- 6. Preminger GM, Tiselius HG, Assimos DG, Alken P,
Buck C, Gallucci M, Knoll T, Lingeman JE, Nakada SY,
Pearle MS, Sarica K, Türk C, Wolf SR Jr; EAU/AUA
Nephrolithiasis Guideline Panel. 2007 guideline for the
management of ureteral calculi. J Urol 2007;178: 2418-34.
- 7. Pearle MS, Nadler R, Bercowsky E, Chen C, Dunn
M, Figenshau RS, Hoenig DM, McDougall EM, Mutz
J, Nakada SY, Shalhav AL, Sundaram C, Wolf JS Jr,
Clayman RV. Prospective randomized trial comparing
shock wave lithotripsy and ureteroscopy for management
of distal ureteral calculi. J Urol 2001;166: 1255-60.
- 8. Peschel R, Janetschek G, Bartsch G. Extracorporeal shock
wave lithotripsy versus ureteroscopy for distal ureteral
calculi: A prospective randomized study. J Urol 1999;162:
1909-12.
- 9. Wu CF, Shee JJ, Lin WY, Lin CL, Chen CS. Comparison
between extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and
semirigid ureterorenoscope with holmium:YAG laser
lithotripsy for treating large proximal ureteral stones. J
Urol 2004;172: 1899-902.
- 10. Skolarikos A, Gross AJ, Krebs A, Unal D, Bercowsky
E, Eltahawy E, Somani B, de la Rosetta J. Outcomes of
flexible ureterorenoscopy for solitary renal stones in the
CROES URS Global Study. J Urol 2015;194: 137-43.
- 11. Türk C, Petřík A, Sarica K, Seitz C, Skolarikos A,
Straub M, Knoll T. EAU Guidelines on Interventional
Treatment for Urolithiasis. Eur Urol 2016;69: 475-82.
- 12. Menezes P, Dickinson A, Timoney AG. Flexible
ureterorenoscopy for the treatment of refractory upper
urinary tract stones. BJU Int 1999;84: 257-60.
- 13. Michel MS, Knoll T, Ptaschnyk T, Köhrmann KU,
Alken P. Flexible ureterorenoscopy for the treatment of
lower pole calyx stones: influence of different lithotripsy
probes and stone extraction tools on scope deflection and
irrigation flow. Eur Urol 2002;41: 312-6.
- 14. Lifshitz DA, Lingeman JE. Ureteroscopy as a first-line
intervention for ureteral calculi in pregnancy. J Endourol
2002;16: 19-22.
- 15. Chiu KY, Cai Y, Marcovich R, Smith AD, Lee BR. Are
new generation flexible ureteroscopes better than their
predecessors? BJU Int 2004;93: 115-9.
- 16. Tan PK, Tan SM, Consigliere D. Ureteroscopic lithoclast
lithotripsy: A cost-effective option. J Endourol 1998;12:
341-4.
- 17. Kuo RL, Paterson RF, Siqueira TM Jr, Evan AP, McAteer
JA, Williams JC Jr, Lingeman JE. In vitro assessment of
lithoclast ultra intracorporeal lithotripter. J Endourol
2004;18: 153-6.
- 18. Auge BK, Lallas CD, Pietrow PK, Zhong P, Preminger
GM. In vitro comparison of standard ultrasound
and pneumatic lithotrites with a new combination
intracorporeal lithotripsy device. Urology 2002;60: 28-32.
- 19. Sofer M, Watterson JD, Wollin TA, Nott L, Razvi H,
Denstedt JD. Holmium. YAG laser lithotripsy for upper
urinary tract calculi in 598 patients. J Urol 2002;167: 31-4.
- 20. Teichman JM, Rao RD, Rogenes VJ, Harris JM.
Ureteroscopic management of ureteral calculi:
electrohydraulic versus holmium: YAG lithotripsy. J Urol
1997;158: 1357-61.
- 21. Jessen JP, Breda A, Brehmer M, Liatsikos EN, Millan
Rodriguez F, Osther PJ, Scoffone CM, Knoll T.
International Collaboration in Endourology: Multicenter
evaluation of prestenting for ureterorenoscopy. J Endourol
2016;30: 268-73.
- 22. Bagley DH, Kuo RL, Zeltser IS. An update on
ureteroscopic instrumentation for the treatment of
urolithiasis. Curr Opin Urol 2004;14: 99-106.
- 23. Vanlangendonck R, Landman J. Ureteral access strategies:
Pro-access sheath. Urol Clin North Am 2004;31: 71-81.
- 24. Abrahams HM, Stoller ML. The argument against the
routine use of ureteral access sheaths. Urol Clin North
Am 2004;31: 83-7.
- 25. L’Esperance JO, Ekeruo WO, Scales CD Jr, Marguet CG,
Springhart WP, Maloney ME, Albala DM, Preminger
GM. Effect of ureteral access sheath on stone-free rates in
patients undergoing ureteroscopic management of renal
calculi. Urology 2005;66:252-5.
- 26. Nabi G, Cook J, N’Dow J, McClinton S. Outcomes of
stenting after uncomplicated ureteroscopy: Systematic
review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2007;334:572.
- 27. Jeong H, Kwak C, Lee SE. Ureteric stenting after
ureteroscopy for ureteric stones: A prospective
randomized study assessing symptoms and complications.
BJU Int 2004;93: 1032-4.
- 28. Lamb AD, Vowler SL, Johnston R, Dunn N, Wiseman
OJ. Meta-analysis showing the beneficial effect of alphablockers on ureteric stent discomfort. BJU Int 2011;108:
1894-902.
- 29. Hubert KC, Palmer JS. Passive dilation by ureteral
stenting before ureteroscopy: Eliminating the need for
active dilation. J Urol 2005;174: 1079-80.
- 30. Perez Castro E, Osther PJ, Jinga V, Razvi H, Stravodimos
KG, Parikh K, Kural AR, de la Rosetta JJ; CROES
Ureteroscopy Global Sudy Group. Differences in
ureteroscopic stone treatment and outcomes for distal,
mid, proximal, or multiple ureteral locations: The
Clinical Research Office of the Endourological Society
ureteroscopy global study. Eur Urol 2014;66:102-9.