Gençlik Spor Programlarına Bütünsel Bir Bakış: Yarışmacı Cimnastik Ortamı Niteliğinin İncelenmesi

Bu çalışmanın amacı yarışmacı cimnastik antrenman ortamının niteliğini “sekiz ortam özelliği” (Eight setting features; Eccles ve Gootman, 2002) bakış açısıyla incelemektir. Bunlar, a) fiziksel ve psikolojik olarak güvenli bir ortam, b) uygun yapılanmış antrenman veya yarışma ortamı, c) destekleyen etkileşim ortamı, d) aidiyet geliştirme fırsatları sunan bir ortam, e) olumlu sosyal normları destekleyen bir ortam, f) özerkliği destekleyen bir ortam, g) beceri geliştirme fırsatları sunan bir ortam ve h) aile, okul ve toplumun çaba ve girişimlerinin bütünleştiği bir ortamdır. Spor ortamlarında çocuk ve gençlerin fiziksel, psikolojik, duygusal ve sosyal gelişiminin sağlamasında spor programlarının uygulayıcıları olarak antrenörler birincil rol üstlenmektedir. Dolayısıyla yarışmacı spor ortamındaki antrenörlerin, sporcularının fiziksel yetkinliğini ve yaşam becerilerini geliştirmeyi sağlayacak olanaklar yaratma sorumluluğu bulunmaktadır. Çalışma verilerini yarışmacı ortamda çalışan altı cimnastik antrenörü ile yapılan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler ve antrenörlerin çalışma ortamında yapılan katılımcı gözlemleri oluşturmaktadır. Veriler Tematik Analiz yoluyla analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, incelenen gençlik spor ortamında program niteliğinin artırılmasında kritik ihtiyaçların olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Bunlar, a) uygun ve güvenli antrenman/yarışma ortamı sunma, b) yaşam becerileri gelişimi olanakları sunma ve c) spor ortamıyla ilgili tüm paydaşların desteği başlıkları altında yarışmacı gençlik spor ortamında sporcuların optimum gelişimini kolaylaştırma bağlamında tartışılmıştır. Program niteliği bağlamında sonraki çalışmalar için önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Program değerlendirme, Gençlik sporları, Yarışmacı spor ortamı, Gençliğin olumlu gelişimi

A Holistic Perspective on Youth Sport Programs: Examining the Quality of Gymnastics Setting

The purpose of this study was to examine the quality of a competitive gymnastics training setting from the perspective of the “eight setting features” (Eccles and Gootman, 2002). These are 1) physical and psychological safety, 2) appropriate structure, 3) supportive relationships, 4) opportunities to belong, 5) positive social norms, 6) support of efficacy and mattering, 7) opportunities for skill building, and 8) integration of family, school and community. As practitioners of sports programs, coaches play a primary role in ensuring the physical, psychological, emotional and social development of children and young people in sport settings. Accordingly, the coaches in the competitive context have the responsibility to create opportunities to improve the physical competence and life skills of their athletes. The study data consists of semi-structured interviews with six gymnastics coaches working in a competitive context and participant observations made in the coaches’ workplace. The data were analyzed through Thematic Analysis. The findings indicate critical needs in improving the quality of the program in the youth sport setting examined. These were discussed in the context of facilitating the optimum development of athletes in the competitive youth sport context, under the headings of a) providing a suitable and safe training/competition environment, b) providing life skills development opportunities, and c) support of all stakeholders related to the sports setting. The programmatic suggestions were also made for future studies.

Keywords:

Program Evaluation, Youth Sport, Competitive Sport Context, Positive Youth Development,

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