Orman Yangınlarının Önlenmesinde Sürdürülebilir Uygulama: Kontrollü Hayvan Otlatma

Günümüzde orman yangınları, dünyada ve ülkemizde giderek artan oranlarda sorun oluşturmaktadır. Çoğu Avrupa ülkesi gelirlerinin büyük bir kısmını orman yangınlarıyla mücadele için kullanmaktadırlar. Orman yangınlarıyla mücadelede kara ve hava destekli araç, ekipman ve personel kaynakları için yüksek yatırımlar yapılmasına rağmen, orman yangınları hala artan bir eğilimle devam etmektedir. Orman yangınlarıyla mücadelede mevcut önlem ve müdahale teknikleri yanında, farklı yaklaşımların da dikkate alınması, ilave stratejilerin geliştirilerek denenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu farklı yaklaşımlardan biri de, örtü yangınlarına ve sonrasında taç yangınlarına sebep olabilen, orman altı otsu ve çalımsı bitkilerin uzaklaştırılması amacıyla yapılabilecek hayvan otlatması olabilir. Otlatma riski bulunmayan otlatmaya elverişli alanlarda uygun zamanda ve miktarda yapılacak kontrollü otlatma uygulamaları, orman altı yanıcı madde niteliğinde bulunan yüzeysel yanıcıların (düşük bitki örtüsü, odunsu yakıt, çalı tabakası) temizliğinde etkin rol oynayabileceği düşünülebilir. Özellikle mevsimsel yangınlardan önce orman altı biyokütle yoğunluğunun azaltılması, hem ortaya çıkabilecek orman yangını riskini azaltacak, hem de orman yangın rejiminde de değişikliklere sebep olacaktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, orman yangınlarıyla mücadelede mevcut yangın önleme tekniklerinin yanında, kontrollü hayvan otlatmasının önemini vurgulamaktır

Sustainable Practice in the Prevention of Forest Fires: Controlled Animal Grazing

Nowadays, forest fires became a serious problem in our country and around the world. Most European countries spend a large part of their budget to campaign forest fires. Forest fires continue with an increasing trend, despite the high investments made to land and air assisted firefighting vehicles, equipment, and personnel resources. Taking into account the different approaches and additional strategies must be developed and tested, next to the existing measures and intervention techniques in the fight against forest fires. One of these different approaches may be animal grazing, in order to remove of herbaceous and shrub species on the forest understory, which can cause the crown and surface fires. Controlled grazing practices can be thought to play an effective role cleaning of surface fuels (herbaceous plants, woody fuels, shrubs) if this practices will be practiced appropriate time, stocking level and in the appropriate fields grazing has no risk on trees. Especially, before from seasonal fires, by reduction of the biomass density of understory, both forest fire risk will be minimized and at a forest fire regime will cause to changes. The purpose of this study, to emphasize the importance of controlled animal grazing, in the preventing of forest fires

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