Astragalus gummifer 'in Kök Topraktan Bacillus sp.’nin İzolasyonu ve Tanımlanması: αAmilazın Elde Edilmesi ve Karakterizasyonu

α-Amilaz (1,4-α D-glukanohidrolaz; EC 3.2.1.1) fırıncılık, tekstil, kağıt ve deterjanlar gibi bir dizi endüstriyel işlemde kullanılabilen enzimlerden biridir ve en önemli endüstriyel üründür. Biyoprotein üretiminde ve nişastanın fermantasyonunda önemli rol oynar. Bu araştırmada, literatürde yeterli olmayan Astragalus gummifer bitkisinin kökünden bakteri izolasyon yapılarak bu alandaki eksiklik giderildi. Bakteriyel izolasyon seyreltme tekniği kullanılarak yapıldı. Mikroorganizmanın tür tanımlaması için 16 S rRNA analizi yapılmıştır. İzole edilen mikroorganizmanın biyokimyasal testler sonucunda gram (+) ve hareketli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Biyokimyasal testler; Katalaz, hemoliz, glikoz ve laktoz testleri pozitif (+); indol, H2S ve üreaz testleri negatif (-) sonuçlar göstermiştir. Toprak örnekleri ICP-MS ile analiz edilmiştir. Analizler sonucunda izole edilmiş bakterinin bulunduğu toprakta Al, Cr, Cu, Co, Fe, Pb, Mn ve Zn'nun fazla miktarda olduğu tespit edildi. Bakterilerin optimal üreme koşulları 72 saat, 30 º C ve pH 7.0'da olarak belirlenmiştir. Bacillus sp'den maksimum α-amilaz üretim süresi 24 saat, 30 º C ve pH 7.0 idi. Amilaz ürettiği tespit edilen bakterinin farklı biyoteknolojik alanlarda kullanılabileceği görüldü. Anahtar Kelimeler: Bacillus sp.; α-Amilaz; Astragalus; Tanımlama; Optimizasyon.

Isolation and Identification of Bacillus sp. from Root Soil of the Astragalus gummifer Lab.: Obtaining and Characterization of α-Amylase

α-Amylase (1,4-α D-glucanohydrolase; EC 3.2.1.1) is one of the enzymes that can be used in a number of industrial processes such as bakery, textile, paper, detergents, and is the most important industrial product that plays an important role in the production of bioprotein and the fermentation of starch. The present research aims to the information gap in this area by performing bacterial isolation from the root of Astragalus gummifer. Bacterial isolation was performed using serial dilution technique. 16S rRNA analysis was performed for species identification of the microorganism. Isolated microorganism was determined to be gram (+), moving as a result of biochemical tests. Biochemical tests; Catalase, hemolysis, glucose and lactose tests positive (+); indole, H2S and urease tests showed negative (-) results. Soil samples were analyzed by ICP-MS. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that Al, Cr, Cu, Co, Fe, Pb, Mn and Zn were found in excess amount in the isolated bacteria. The optimal reproductive function of the bacteria was determined at 72 hours, 30 o C and pH 7.0. The maximum production time of α-amylase from Bacillus sp. was 24 hours, 30 o C and pH 7.0. Bacteria identified and found to produce amylase were determined to be used in different biotechnological areas. Keywords: Bacillus sp.; α-Amylase; Astragalus; Identification; Optimization.

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