THE STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAM (SAP) AND THE POLICY TRANSFORMATION IN TANZANIA

1970'lerden itibaren Tanzanya'nın ekonomik gelişimi ciddi zorluklarla karşı karşıya kalmaya başladı. Bu süreçte Tanzanya, Sosyalist Politikayı, ekonomik ve sosyal kalkınma için birincil politika olarak uyguluyordu. Üçüncü Dünya Ülkelerinde Soğuk Savaş politikalarının artan dalgaları, hükümetler ve bürokratlar arasında anlaşmazlığa yol açtı. Bu durum, Uluslararası Para Fonu (UPF) ve Dünya Bankası (DB) tarafından kurulan ekonomik desteğin ağır koşullarından kaynaklanmaktaydı. Ne yazık ki Tanzanya, kendisini ülke içinde ve dışında sert bir çekişmenin içinde bulmuştu ve bu da birçok reformun yapılmasını zorunlu hale getirdi. Tanzanya'daki bu politik dönüşüm bir zorunluluktu çünkü 20. yüzyılın son çeyreğinde Sovyetler Birliği Kapitalist blokla rekabet etme üstünlüğünü yitirdi. Böylece, Sovyetler Birliği'nin Tanzanya ve diğer sosyalist ülkeleri destekleyememesi Ujamaa politikasının uygulanmasının sekteye uğramasına neden oldu. Ujamaa politikasının başarısızlığı, hükümetin ekonomi politikasını değiştirmek zorunda bıraktı. Ayrıca Kapitalistler, iç bürokratlar ve ekonomistler hükümete liberal politikalar belirlemesi yönünde baskı kurdular. Bu makale, Tanzanya'daki sosyal ve ekonomik faaliyetlerin iyileştirilmesi umuduyla politika dönüşümü süreçlerini ve bunun için yapılan uygulamaları analiz edecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Serbestleşme, SAP, Ekonomik Kurtarma Programı

THE STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAM (SAP) AND THE POLICY TRANSFORMATION IN TANZANIA

In the 1970s Tanzania began to face stiff challenges which hindered its economic development. Tanzania by that time was following the Ujamaa policy as the Prime policy for socio-economic and political development. But the increasing waves of the Cold war politics in Third World Countries created the atmosphere of misunderstanding between the government and bureaucrats, the circumstance of misunderstanding caused by the harsh conditions for the economic support which imposed by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank (WB). Tanzania found its self in a stiff opposition within the country and outside which resulted in many reforms to take place. The policy transformation in Tanzania was inevitable because during the last quarter of the 20th century the Soviet Union lost its supremacy to compete with Capitalist bloc. Thus, the failure of the Soviet Union to support the minor socialist countries like Tanzania pushed the Ujamaa policy into the slaughter room. When the Ujamaa policy proved a failure, the government forced to change its economic set-up. In this way, the capitalist countries, internal bureaucrats, and stood firm to force the Tanzanian government toward liberalization policy. Therefore, this article will analyze the whole process of policy transformation and their performances in the improvement of social and economic activities in Tanzania.

Keywords:

Liberalization, SAP, Economic Recovery Program,

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