TEKNOPARKLARIN AR-GE ve YENİLİK FİKİRLERİNE KATKILARI

TEKNOPARKLARIN AR-GE ve YENİLİK FİKİRLERİNE KATKILARI ÖzetBilgi toplumuna dönüşüm ve beraberinde gelen esnek ve yenilikçi üretim süreçleri Ar-Ge ve yenilik fikirlerini üretimin en önemli girdilerinden birisi haline getirmiştir. Bu süreçte teknoparklar Ar-Ge ve yenilik faaliyetlerinin başarılı şekilde hayata geçirildiği kümeler olarak görülmektedir. Bu anlamda, teknoparklardan beklenen katkıların başında, yenilik fikirlerini tetikleyen mekanizmaları ve platformaları içermeleri ve bunları etkin şekilde işletmeleri gelmektedir. Türkiye’de teknoparkların Ar-Ge ve yenilik fikirlerine olan katkısı üzerine bugüne kadar spesifik bir çalışma gerçekleştirilmemiştir. Bu çalışmada teknoparkların Ar-Ge ve yenilik fikirlerinin oluşmasına sağladığı katkı ölçülmektedir. Çalışmada teknoparklardan anket ile toplanan veriler kullanılmış, katkılara ilişkin betimsel istatistiklerin sunulmasının yanı sıra etkilerin girişimci karakteristiklerine göre değişkenliği, endojen açıklayıcı değişkene duyarlı bir yaklaşımla sıralı probit regresyonu yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın en önemli sonucu teknoparkların Ar-Ge ve yenilik fikirlerine ortalamada kayda değer katkılar sağlamış olduğudur. Diğer önemli bulgu ise teknoparklardan tüm alanlarda kadın girişimcilerin erkek girişimcilere göre daha fazla katkı sağlamış olması ve teknoparkın gelişmişlik düzeyi arttıkça olumlu etkilerin yükselmesidir. Diğer taraftan, girişimin başarı düzeyi ile Ar-Ge ve yenilik fikirleri açısından sağlanan faydanın genel olarak ilişkisiz çıkması da ilginç ve düşündürücü bir bulgu olmuştur. Bu çalışma sonucunda aynı zamanda, öncelikle kadın girişimciler ve başarılı girişimciler olmak üzere, girişimcilik ekosistemin diğer temsilcilerin de dahil edileceği nitel bir araştırma yapılması ihtiyacı ortaya çıkmıştır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Ar-Ge, yenilik, fikir, girişimcilik, kadın girişimciliği. CONTRIBUTION OF TECHNOPARKS TO R&D AND INNOVATION IDEASAbstractTransformation to knowledge society and accompanying flexible and innovative production processes made R&D and innovation ideas one of most crucial inputs of production. On this backround, technoparks are regarded as the clusters in which R&D and innovation activities are successfully carried out. Hence, principal benefit expected from a technopark is to incorporate platforms that trigger innovative ideas and to operate them in the most effective manner. There has been no existing specific study regarding the contribution of technoparks on the prolifation of new R&D and innovation ideas. This study aims to evaluate the contribution of technoparks to the formation of new R&D and innovation ideas. Data collected through survey within technoparks was employed in the study. In addition to the detailed demonstration of descriptive statistics of contribution of technoparks, the differentiation of contribution with respect to entrepreneur characteristics is analyzed with a methodology designed to be sensitive to an endogeneous regressor and employing ordered probit regression for estimation. Main finding of the study indicates that on average technoparks have contributed significantly to the formation of R&D and innovation ideas. Other important finding is that female entrepreneurs have benefited significantly more than male entrepreneurs in nearly all of the different mechanisms considered in the study. Positive benefits also increase when the development level of the technopark improves. On the other hand, the success level of the entreprise and the perception of technopark benefits reflected by its entrepreneur in terms of new R&D and innovation ideas are found to be not associated in general, which is again deemed interesting and thougth-provoking. This study at the same time surfaced the requirement for a qualitative study in this framework that focuses on women entrepreneurs and successful entrepreneurs as well as incorporating other stakeholders of entrepreneurial ecosystem. Keywords: R&D, innovation, idea, technopark, entrepreneurship, women entrepreneurship

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Ar-Ge, yenilik, fikir, girişimcilik

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