Avrupa Birliği Enerji Güvenliğinin Rusya’nın Etkisi Altında Geleceği: Güney Gaz Koridoru’nun Katkısı Nedir?

Rusya’nın, AB için en büyük enerji sağlayıcı olmasına rağmen, 2006’da Rusya ve Ukrayna arasında yaşanan gaz sorunun göstermiştir ki, Rusya, AB için güvenli bir sağlayıcı değildir. Dolayısıyla, AB, güvenli ve sürdürülebilir enerji arzını gelecekte de sağlayabilmek için enerji arzını ve enerji yollarını çeşitlendirme çabalarını arttırmak gibi bir takım önlemler almaya karar vermiştir. Bu çabada en önde gelen alternatif sağlayıcı Hazar Bölgesi olmuştur. Fakat burada problem, Hazar enerji kaynaklarının nasıl AB’ye ulaştırılacağıdır. Bunun sonucunda, 2009 yılında Avrupa Komisyonu, Güney Gaz Koridoru’nu kavram olarak ortaya atmıştır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, Rusya’nın etkisi altındaki AB enerji güvenliğinin temellerini, Güney Gaz Koridoru’nun gelişimini ve koridorun, AB’nin enerji güvenliğinin geleceğindeki rolünü tartışmaktır. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen esas bulgular şunlardır: eğer AB proje için gerekli sabrı gösterir ve projeye yatırım yapmaya devam ederse, Güney Gaz Koridoru, AB’nin Rusya’ya olan enerji bağımlılığını azaltma, orta ve kısa vadede enerji arzının güvenliğini sağlama ve konusunda büyük bir potansiyele sahip olup Güney Gaz Koridoru’nun varlığı AB’nin Rusya ile olan problemlerini çözmesine bağlıdır. Rusya, Güney Gaz Koridoru’nun yapılmasına kendi enerji satışlarına bir tehdit oluşturacak olması sebebiyle karşıdır. Eğer AB, Rusya’nın bu projeye olan muhalefetiyle başa çıkabilirse, Güney Gaz Koridoru gerçekleştirilebilir bir proje olabilir

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Enerji Güvenliği, Güney Gaz Koridoru, Hazar Bölgesi, TANAP, TAP, Rusya

ENERGY SECURITY OF THE EU UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF RUSSIA: DOES SOUTHERN GAS CORRIDOR STILL HAVE CONTRIBUTION?

Russia is the largest energy supplier of the EU; however gas dispute between Russia and Ukraine in 2006 demonstrated that Russia is not a reliable partner for the EU. Then, the EU decided to take some measures for a secure and sustainable energy supply in the future through energy supply and route diversification efforts. Most prominent alternatives have been the Caspian region; however, the problem was how to transport the Caspian energy reserves to EU. Therefore, the Southern Gas Corridor SGC was termed by the European Commission in 2009. The aim of this study is to discuss the fundamentals of the EU’s energy security under the influence of Russia and the evolution and the role of the SGC in the EU’s energy security in the future. Main findings achieved from this study that the SGC has huge potential to decrease the EU’s energy dependency on Russia and securing its energy supplies in the medium and long-term if the Union shows patience to the project, continues to invest in and could solve the problems with Russia, against the construction of the SGC since it will be a threat for Russia’s energy sales

Keywords:

Energy Security, Southern Gas Corridor, Caspian Region, TANAP, TAP, Russia,

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