İÇME SULARINDA ARSENİK KİRLİLİĞİ : ÜLKEMİZ AÇISINDAN BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Metal ile ametal arasında bir özelliğe sahip olan arsenik yerkabuğunda en çok bulunan elementlerden biridir. Doğada hem doğal hem antropojenik kaynaklı olarak bulunabilen arsenik toksik ve kanserojen bir maddedir. Suda en çok bulunan inorganik arsenik türleri arsenit (As(III)) ve arsenattır (As(V)). Arseniğin türünü ve dağılımını suyun pH'ı, redoks potansiyeli ve sülfür, demir ve kalsiyum gibi kompleks iyonların varlığı belirler. Dünyada birçok bölgede doğal olarak oluşan yeraltı suyu arsenik kirliliği nedeniyle çok sayıda kişi arsenik zehirlenmesi riski ile karşı karşıya kalmıştır. Türkiye'de de özellikle batı bölgelerde, içme sularında arsenik için belirlenen maksimum kirletici seviyesi olan 10 ?g/L'den daha yüksek miktarda arsenik konsantrasyonlarına rastlanmıştır. Bu çalışma kapsamında ülkemizde arsenik sorununun boyutları ve nedenleri araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla İzmir'e bağlı bazı ilçelerde yapılan analizler sonucunda standartların üzerinde arsenik bulunmuştur. Kuyu sularında doğal olarak oluşan arsenik kirliliği suyun bulunduğu derinlikteki kaya türü, mineral ve cevher yapıdan kaynaklanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

İçme suyu, Arsenik, Türkiye, Doğal kirlenme.

ARSENIC CONTAMINATION IN DRINKING WATER: AN ASSESSMENT FOR TURKEY

Arsenic is one of the most abundant elements in the earth's crust and classified as a non-metal or a metalloid. Arsenic is toxic and carcinogen and in the environment occurs from both natural and anthropogenic sources. In the aqueous environment inorganic arsenic appears commonly in forms of arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)). pH, redox potential, and the presence of complexing ions such as ions of sulfur, iron, and calcium determine the arsenic valence and speciation. Because of the naturally occurring arsenic contamination in groundwater in many parts of the world many people have faced with risk of arsenic poisoning. In Turkey especially in the west regions, natural water sources contained much higher levels of arsenic than maximum contaminated level (MCL) set (10 ?g/L) were determined. In this study, arsenic problem and its reasons in Turkey were investigated. For this purpose, arsenic analyses were carried out and higher levels of arsenic than MCL was detected in some regions of Izmir. High levels of arsenic in these natural waters were considered to be associated with the dissolution of some minerals and rock formation.

Keywords:

Drinking water, Arsenic, Turkey, Natural contamination.,

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