Farklı malzemelere sahip hibrid kompozitlerde çatlağın mekanik davranışlara etkisinin analizi

Metallere göre hafif ve yüksek yorulma dayanımı, darbe dayanımı ve özgül mukavemet özelliklerinden dolayı kompozit malzemelerin, başta havacılık sektörü olmak üzere endüstride giderek kullanım alanı genişlemektedir. Kompozit malzemeler arasından yaygın olarak kullanılan fiber takviyeli kompozitlerde, en önemli kritik faktör, yükü taşıyan ve ana yapıya dağıtan fiber ile ana malzeme arasında çatlak oluşumu ve bu çatlağın yükler neticesinde ilerleyerek yapının dayanımını düşürmesidir. Bu çalışmada, farklı fiber açılarına sahip tabakalı hibrid kompozit malzeme içerisinde farklı alanlara yerleştirilmiş çatlağın mekanik davranışlara etkisi sonlu elemanlar analizi ile belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Analizlerde, toplam 1.5 mm kalınlığa sahip üç tabakalı ve farklı açılarda (0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75° ve 90°) yönlendirilmiş ve cam-epoksi, bor-epoksi, karbon-epoksi, cam-bor-karbon-epoksi fiber takviyeli alüminyum tabakalı kompozit yapı içerisine, kenarda ve ortada olmak üzere farklı açılara (0° ve 30°) sahip çatlaklar oluşturulmuş ve çekme yükü uygulanmıştır. Yapılan sonlu elemanlar analizi ile çatlaklı hibrid kompozitte meydana gelen gerilme ve yer değiştirme değerleri elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, fiber oryantasyonunun uygulanan yüke (yük x eksenine 90°) paralel duruma yaklaşması ile üst ve alt alüminyum plakada oluşan gerilmelerde düşüş görülmüştür. Ayrıca, çatlak açısının artmasıyla kayma gerilmelerinde artış görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Hibrid kompozit, Çatlak, Simülasyon

Analyzing the effect of crack in different hybrid composite materials on mechanical behaviors

The using areas of composite materials in mainly aerospace sector and other industry have been increased due to their more light, high fatigue strength, impact strength and specific strength properties than metals. The critical factor in fiber reinforced laminate composites from composite materials is to crack formation on interface matrix structure and fibers carrying loads and distributing forces to matrix structure. Also, the cracks on interface matrix structure and fibers cause decreasing the composite structure strength with crack propagations under loads. In this study, the effect of location and angle of the crack in the laminate hybrid composite material reinforced with glass-epoxy, boron-epoxy, carbon-epoxy, glass-boron-carbon-epoxy fibers at different angles on mechanical behaviors is determined with finite element analyses. In analyses, the different located crack and crack angles (0° and 30°) inside the laminate composite structure with different fiber materials reinforced at different angles (0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75° and 90°) with 1.5 mm of total composite thickness were formed and applied tensile forces. Afterwards, stress and displacement values were obtained in the cracked fiber reinforced structures. According to results, Decrease in stress at top and bottom aluminium plate was observed in case of parallel fiber orientation to the applied forces. Beside, shear stresses increase with increasing the crack angle.

Keywords:

Hybrid composite, Crack, Simulation,

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