KONSTANTiNOPOLiS KiLiSESi'NiN KURULU$U: MiTOLOJi VE TARiH

Bu makale, Konsta11ti11opolis Kilisesi '11i11 kurn!U$lll11111 tarihsel ve mitolojik temel!erini sorgula111ay1 amar;la111aktad1r. Makale, Patrik/1a11e11i11 k11ruc11 havarisi ola11 Andreas '111 roliinil sorgufamakta ve omm isminin kurucu havari olarak ser;il111esini11 gerisi11de siyasal faktorlerin yatttgm1 sav11nmaktad1r. Bu g6rii~ii11 teme/inde ise, erken donem kilise literatiirii11ii11 Konsta11ti11opolis ve Andreas arasmda herhangi bir bagla11t1ya yer vermemesi vard1r. <;alt$ma, Ko11stanti11opolis Kilisesi '11i11 tarihsel olarak IV. Yiizy11da h11parator Ko11stantin11s zamanmda kuru/d11gum1 ve Konstantinus oncesi donemin biitii11iiyle mitolojik ofdugun11 ortaya koymaktadtr. Donemi11 kilise kaynaklan ve modern bait literatiiriinde a/an/a ilgili r;alt$malar, yaz111111 temel refera11slartd1r.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

liavari Andreas, Konsta11ti1111s, Ko11sta11fi110polis, Patrikhane, Biza11s Kilisesi

THE EMERGENCE OF THE CHURCH OF CONSTANTINOPLE: MYTHOLOGY AND HISTORY

This paper aims at investigating the mythological and historical aspects of the referances 011 the foundations of the church of Byzantion. The paper questions the authencity of the the tradition of the Apostle Andrew as the fo1111der of the church of Byzantion and identifies this tradition as a mythological construct of the late ninth century, and places the real foundation of the church in the first quarter of the fourth centwy The main explanation for the Andrew tradition is its late invention/or political purposes, as the tradition did not exist in the early sources. The historical perspectives have offered l1ere are that the growt/1 of the Byzantine capital city accompanies the rise of its re/Jgious head. The sources used here are the contemporary ecclesiastical materials and the products of the modem western scholarship 011 the field.

Keywords:

Apostle Andrew, Constanti1111s, Constantinopolis, Patriarchate, Byzantine Church,

PDF

___

Acts and Martyrdom of Apostle Andrew, ANF cilt 8 (is;inde), s. 511-516, T & T Clark, Edinburgh, 1993.
Athanasius, Selected Works and Letters, NPNF II, cilt 4, T & T Clark, Edinburgh, 1991 .
Chronicon Pasc/1ale, 284-628 AD. (ingilizcc s;cv. ve giri~ M. Whitby & M. Whitby) (Translated Texts for Historians serisi 7), Liverpool University Pres, Liverpool 1989.
Epiphanius, The Panarion, selected passages, (ing. s;cv. ve edisyon P. R. Amidon), Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1990.
Euscbius, Church Histo1y, NPNF II, cilt I (is;inde), T & T Clark, Edinburgh 1991, s. 73-387.
Eusebius, Life of Constantine, NPNF II, cilt I (is;inde), T & T Clark, Edinburgh, 1991, s. 473-559.
Evagrius, The Ecclesiastical History of Evagrius Sc/10/asticus, (ingilizce s;eviri ve giri~ M.
Whitby), (Translated Texts for Historians serisi 33 ), Liverpool University Press, Liverpool 2000.
Hippolytus, Refutation of All Heresies, ANF, cilt 5, T & T Clark, Edinburgh 1995.
Joannes Chrysostomus, Homilies 011 the Gospel of St. John and the Epistle to the Hebrews, NPNF I, cilt 14 (is;inde), T & T Clark, Edinburgh, 1996.
lrenaeus, "Against Heresies", ANF, cilt I, T & T Clark, Edinburgh.1993, s. 309-567.
Optatus, Against the Donatists, (ingilizce s;ev. M. Edwards), (Translated Texts for Historians serisi 27), Liverpool University Press, Liverpool, 1997.
Philostorgius, Kirchengeschichte, (edi!Orler Joseph Bidez & Fricdhelm Winkelmann), Die Griechischen Christlic/1en Schriftsteller serisi is;inde, Akademia Verlag, Berlin 1972,
[Philostorgius, Church Histo1y, (ingilizce s;eviri ve Notlar P.R. Amidon), Writings From The Greco-Roman World serisi, Society of Biblical Literature No23, Atalanta, 2007].
Photius, The Bibliotheca (=Myriobiblio11), (ingilizce ses;me s;eviriler N.G. Wilson), Duckworth, Londra, 1994.
Procopius, Buildings, (Peri Ktismaton) (ingilizce s;ev. H.B. Dewing), Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, Londra, 2002.
Rufinus of Aquileia, Church Histo1J' -1 O ve 11. Kitaplar-, (ingilizce s;eviri Philip R. Amidon), Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1997.
Socrates, The Ecclesiastical Histo1y, AD. 305-439, NPNF II, cilt 2, (is;inde), T & T Clark, Edinburgh, 1989.
A. Alfoldi, "On the Foundation of Constantinople: A Few Notes" Jo11mal of Roman Studies, say1 37, 1947, s. 10-16.
T.D. Barnes, Constantine and Eusebius, Harvard University Press, Cambridge & Londra 1981 .
G. Barraclough, The Medieval Papacy, Thames and Hudson, Londra, 1992.
W. Bauer, Ortlwdo.J..y & Her ~J' in Earliest Christia11ity, Sigler Press, Mifflintown 1996.
F., Bovon, "The Words of Life in the 'Acts of the Apostle Andrew"', Harvard Theological Review cilt 87 say1 2, 1994, s.152-54.
J.B. Bury, Hisl01y of Later Roma11 Empire, from the death of Tlieodosius I to the death of Justinian I, H., Chadwick, East a11d West, The Maki11g of a Rift in the Church, From Apostolic Times U11til the Council of Florence, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2003.
F.L. Cross, "The Council of Antioch in 325 AD", Church Quarterly Review, 128, (1939), s. 49- 76.
M. <;:elik, Fener Patrikhanesi 'nin Okiimeniklik iddias111111 Tarihi Seyri (325-1453), Akadcmi Kitabcvi, izmir, 2000.
F. Dvornik, The Photia11 Schism: History and Legend, Cambridge University Press, New York, 1948.
F. Dvornik, "The Photian Schism in Western and Eastern Tradition", The Review of Politics, cilt 10, say1 3, 1948, s. 310-331 .
F. Dvornik, The Idea of Apostolicity in Byza111i11111 i11 Byza11tiu111 and The Lege11d of the Apostle Andrew, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1958.
F. Dvornik, "Photius", New Catholic Encyclopedia, cilt XI, s. 326-29, New York, 1967.
F. Dvornik, Konsiller Tari/ii, iz11ik 'ten Vatikan 'a (TUrk9e 9ev. M. Aydin), TUrk Tarih Kurumu Bas1mevi, Ankara, 1990.
A. Erzen, "istanbul $ehrinin Kurulu~u ve isimleri" Belleten cilt 18, say1 70, 1954, s. 131-54.
W.H.C. Frend, "Eastern Attitudes to Roma During the Acacian Schism" ~urada: The Orthodox Churches and the West, Papers Read at the Fourtee11th Summer Meeti11g A11d F((lee11th
Winter Meeting of the Ecclesiastical Histo1y Society (Editor Derck Baker), 131ackwcll, Ox ford, 1976, s. 69-81.
E. Giles, Documents Illustrating Papal Authority, SPCK Press, Londra, 1952.
R.P.C. Hanson, The Search for the Christian Doctrine of God, T & T Clark, Edinburgh, 1988.
A. Harnack, The Expansion of Christianity in the First Tliree Centuries, Williams & Norgate, Londra 1905.
C. J. Hefele, - H. Leclercq, Histoire des conciles, Paris, 1907. E. Honigmann "La Liste Originale Des Peres De Nicee", Byzantion, say1 14, 1939, s. 17-76.
H. inalc1k, "The Status of the Greek Orthodox Patriarch Under the Ottomans" Turcica, say1 21- 23, 1991, s. 407-435. [Bu makale aynca H. inalc1k, Essays in Otoman History, Eren, istanbul 1998, s. 195-214 'de yer almaktad1r.]
A.H.M. Jones, J. Martindale, J. Morris, The Prosopography of the later Roman Empire, c.I, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1971.
E.J., Jonkers, Acta Et Symbola Conciliorum Quae Saeculo Quarto Habita S1111t, Textus Minores cilt XIX, Brill, Leiden, 1954.
T. Kai;:ar, "Roma imparatorlugunda Kilise Konsillerinin Siyasalla~mast: iznik Ornegi" Anadolu Universiesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, cilt 2, sayt I, 2002, s. 1-18.
T. Kai;:ar, "iznik Konsilinde imparator ve Piskoposlar", Toplumsal Tarih, say1 132, Araltk 2004, s. 66-69.
T. Kai;:ar, "Chrysopolis (Uskiidar) Sava~1 ve Bizans'm Temelleri" Oskiidar Sempozyumu !, 23-25 Mayts 2003, Bildiriler !, Oskiidar Belediyesi, istanbul, 2004, s. 21-28;
T. Kai;:ar, "H1ristiyanl1gm ilk Gene! Konsili'nin iznik'te Toplanma Scbebi" Uluslararast iznik Sempozyumu, iznik Belediyesi, iznik, 2005, s. 69-80.
T. Kai;:ar, "Origo Constantini lmperatoris/imparator Constantinus'un Yiikscli~i", Tarilt incelemeleri Dergisi cilt 20, say1 I, 2005, s. 135-155.
A. Kazhdan, The Oxford Dictionmy of Byzantium, 3 cilt, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1991.
D. Kuban, istanbul Bir Kent Tari/ti, Byzantion, Konstantinopolis, istanbul Tarih Vakfi Yurt Yaymlan, istanbul, 1996.
E. Macar, Cumhuriyet Doneminde istanbul R11n Patrikltanesi, ileti~im, istanbul, 2003.
J. Mansi, Sacrorum Conciliorum, Nova, Et Amplissima Co/lectio, Florentia, 1759, [yeni bas1m1 ii;:in bak. Hubert Welter, Paris, 1901-1906).
J. R. Martindale, The Prosopograplty of the Later Roman Empire, c. 11, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1980.
H-G. Opitz, Atltanasius Werke, 311, Urkunden Zur Geschichte des Arianisclte11 Strei/es 318-328, Walter De Gruyter & Co., Berlin & Leipzig, 1934.
H-G. Opitz, ·"Die Zeitfolge des arianischen Streites von den Anfangen bis zum Jahre 328" Zeitsc/1rifi fiir die neutestamentliclte Wissenschaft, sayt 33, 1934, s. 131-159.
i. Ortaylt, "Ortodoks Kilisesi" Os111anl1 /mparat~rlugu '11da iktisadi ve So~yal Degi$illl, Makaleler 1, Turhan Kitabevi, Ankara 2000, s. 269-284.
P.M. Peterson, Andrew, Brother of Simon Peter. His History and His Legends, Brill, Leiden, 1958.
C. Pietri & C. Markschies, "Theologische Diskussionen zur Zeit Konstantins: Arius, der "arianische Streif' und das Konzil von Niziia, die nachnizilnischen Auseinandersetzungen
bis 337" Das Entstehe11 Der Ei11e11 Christe11heit (250-430), Herder Verlag, Freiburg, Basel & Wien, 1996.
J. Stevenson, A New Eusebius, Documents illustrating the history of the Church to AD 337, SPCK Press, Londra 1987.
J. Stevenson, Creeds, Councils and Controversies, Documents illustrating the hist0ty of the Church, AD.337-461, SPCK Press, Londra, 1989.
W. Telfer, "When did the Arian Controversy begin?" Journal of Theological Studies say1 47 1946, s. 129-142.
R. Trevijano, "The Early Christian Church of Alexandria" Studia Patristica say1 12, 1975, s. 471- 77.
W. T. Treadgold, The Nature of the Bibliotheca of Pl1oti11s, Dumbarton Oaks Studies 18, Washington, 1981.
M. Wiles, Arianism Through the Centuries, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1996.
F. Winkelmann, "Die Bischofc Metrophanes und Alexandros von Byzanz" Byzanti11ische Zeitschrift, say1 59, 1966, s. 47-71;
D. Woods, "The Date of the Translations of the Relics of Ss. Luke and Andrew to Constantinople", Vigiliae Christianae, cilt 45, say1 3, 1991, s. 286-92.