Göçmenler genellikle güçlü gelir ve emek talebine
sahip alanlara gittikçe, ücret ve istihdamdaki değişikliklerin hem nedeni hem
de sonucu olabilmektedirler. Geçmişten bu yana en çok göç alan bölgelerin
başında gelen ABD’de ise göçmen sayısı hızla artmaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu büyük
göç akışının işgücü piyasası üzerindeki fırsatlarını ve tehditlerini çeşitli
açılardan incelemek önemlidir. Bu anlamda bu çalışmada, ABD’de uluslararası göçün işgücü
piyasası üzerindeki ekonomik etkilerini ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada, Toda-Yamamoto (1995) nedensellik testi
uygulanmıştır. Bu prosedür, MWALD testinin problemlerini ortadan kaldırmakta ve
standart Granger nedensellik testiyle ilgili problemleri önlemektedir. Bu
bakımdan güçlü bir test prosedürü içeren Toda-Yamamoto nedensellik testi
sonuçları, seriler arasında iki yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisinin varlığına işaret
etmektedir. Diğer bir deyişle, ücretler ve göç arasında iki yönlü nedensel bir
ilişkinin varlığı tespit edilmiştir. Uluslararası göçün işgücü piyasaları
üzerindeki etkisi incelendiğinde, göçlerin hedef ülkede ücret düzeyinde bir değişmeye
neden olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Yapılan bu çalışma göç teorisini ilgilendiren
diğer çalışmalarla doğrudan ilgilidir.
As migrants generally
go to areas with strong income and labor demand, they can be both the cause and
the result of changes in wages and employment. The number of immigrants has
been increased rapidly in the USA, which can be considered as the one of the most
immigrated regions ever. Therefore, it is important to examine the
opportunities and threats of this large migration flow on the labor market from
various perspectives. To this end, this study examines the economic impacts of
international migration on the labor market in the US. The study utilizes the
Toda-Yamamoto (1995) causality approach. This procedure eliminates the problems
caused by MWALD test and avoids the problems associated with the standard
Granger causality. According to the results of the Toda-Yamamoto causality test
which includes a powerful test procedure, there exists bi-directional causality
between series under investigation. In other words, wages and migration causes
each other. When the impact of international migration on labor markets is
examined, it is understood that migrations cause
a change in the wage level in the target country. This study is directly
related to other studies in line with the migration theory.
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