Doğu Akdeniz bölgesi örtüaltı domates yetiştiriciliğinde solarizasyon uygulamasının yabancı otlara ve verime etkisi

Sera domatesi üretiminde yabancı otlar nedeniyle önemli derecede verim kayıpları olabilmektedir. Bu çalışma, solarizasyon uygulamasının yabancı otlara ve domates verimine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla Türkiye'nin Adana İli'ndeki 2 farklı domates serasında 2007-2008 yılları arasında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmanın yürütüldüğü her iki serada da 2007 yılının Ağustos - Eylül aylarında toprağın yarısı 0.025 mm kalınlığında şeffaf polietilen örtü ile kapatılarak 8 hafta süreyle solarizasyon yapılmıştır, 2008 yılında ise solarizasyon yapılan parsellerdeki yabancı ot sayısı ve domates verimi solarizasyon yapılmayan parseller ile kıyaslanarak bu uygulamanın genel yabancı otlara, deneme alanındaki bazı önemli yabancı ot türlerine ve domates verimine etkileri belirlenmiştir. Yapılan değerlendirmeler sonucunda; iki farklı serada solarizasyon uygulamasının 5 cm derinliğindeki toprak sıcaklığını 10oC 'nin üzerinde (13-14oC) artırdığı ve bu uygulama ile 50oC 'nin üzerinde (51-53oC) sıcaklığa ulaşıldığı belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda solarizasyonun genel yabancı otlara etkisi %42 olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Çalışmanın yürütüldüğü seralarda görülen en önemli yabancı ot türleri; Topalak (Cyperus rotundus L.), Yapışkan otu (Setaria verticillata (L.) P. Beauv.), Melez horoz ibiği (Amaranthus hybridus L.) ve Mavi çiçekli canavar otu (Phelipanche ramosa L.) olmuştur. Solarizasyonun yabancı ot türlerine etkisi ile ilgili olarak; bu uygulama S. verticillata, A. hybridus ve P. ramosa türlerine karşı sırasıyla %92, 90 ve 97 oranında etkili bulunurken, C. rotundus türüne karşı etkisiz bulunmuştur ve bu uygulamanın domates verimini %24-27 oranında artırdığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak uygulanan 8 haftalık solarizasyonun tek yıllık pekçok yabancı ot türünü ve parazit yabancı otlardan canavar otunu kontrol etmede başarılı olduğu kanaatine varılmıştır. Bu sonuçlara göre bu yabancı ot türlerinin sorun olduğu üretim alanlarında, organik tarıma uygun bu yöntem tavsiye edilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Domates, yabancı otlar, solarizasyon, verim

Effect of solarization on weeds in greenhouse tomatoes and tomato yield in East Mediterranean region of Turkey

Severe yield losses can be occurred by infestation of weeds in tomato cultivation. This study was carried out to determine the effect of solarization against weeds and tomato yieldin two different tomato greenhouses in Adana province of Turkey between the years 2007-2008. Solarization was performed by using transparent polyethylene cover (0.025 mm thickness) for a period of 8 weeks during August and September 2007 in two greenhouses. To investigate the effect of this application on weeds; the number of weeds and tomato yield were compared with non-solarized plot in this study. It was found out that solarization treatment increased maximum soil temperature more than 10 oC (13-14 oC) at 5 cm depth of soil and a temperature more than 50 oC (51-53 oC) was reached for 8 weeks in two greenhouses. As a result of the study, effect of solarization on general weed densities was determined as 42%. Common weeds in the greenhouses were Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.), Bristly foxtail (Setaria verticillata (L.) P. Beauv.), Smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus L.) and Branched broomrape (Phelipanche ramosa L.). Solarization has found to be effective to S. verticillata, A. hybridus and P. ramosa at the rate of 92, 90 and 97%, respectively, opposite to C. rotundus which it had no effect on this weed, and tomato yield was increased 24-27% in solarization treatment compared with the non-solarized treatment. As result, solarization for 8 weeks reduced amount of many annual weeds including a parasite weed species, Phelipanche ramosa, and increased crop yields. Based on these results, soil solarization can be recommended to control of some weed species in greenhouse areas.

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