KAMU YÖNETİMİNDE KONTRAT YÖNTEMİ: FIRSATLAR VE TEHDİTLER

20. yüzyılın son çeyreğinden itibaren kamu yönetimleri zorunlu bir değişim sürecine girmiştir. Geleneksel kamu yönetiminin, yaşanan ekonomik, sosyal, siyasal ve teknolojik gelişmeler karşısında yetersiz kalması refah devleti anlayışının ve Keynesyen politikaların sorgulanmasına neden olmuştur. Yaşanan bu değişimler neticesinde birçok ülkede özelleştirme politikaları ile kamu yönetimleri küçültülmeye başlanmış ve devletin tüm işleri bizzat yerine getirmek yerine bazı hizmetleri koordine eden bir yapıya kavuşturulması amaçlanmıştır. Hizmet sunumunda verimliliğin artacağı inancı ve hizmet kullanıcılarının kaliteli hizmet taleplerinin en mükemmel ölçüde karşılanabilmesine olanak sağlaması, özelleştirme biçimlerinden kontrat yönteminin kamu yönetiminde yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmasına neden olmuştur. Kontrat yöntemi, maliyet tasarrufu ve etkinlik, rekabetin artması ve kaliteli hizmet sunumu, hesap verilebilirlik ve katılımın artması, uzmanlaşma, esneklik gibi çeşitli fırsatlar ortaya çıkarırken, özel sektörün sadece kâr amacı gütmesi, yöntemin uygulanmasındaki güçlükler ve teknik eleman eksikliği, kontratlara karşı çıkabilecek direnmeler, rüşvet ve yolsuzluğun artması gibi bazı tehditler de ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı kamu yönetiminde kontrat yöntemi kullanımının hangi durumlarda fayda sağlayacağını hangi durumlarda ise bir maliyet unsuru olacağını tespit ederek kontrat yönteminin lehindeki ve aleyhindeki argümanları ortaya koymaktır.

CONTRACTING-OUT IN THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES

Public administrations have entered into a compulsory transformation process since the last quarter of the 20th century. Traditional public administration fell behind the economic, social, political and technological developments, which resulted in questioning of the welfare state approach and the Keynesian policies. As a result of these changes and transformations, public administrations have started to shrink due to privatization policies and it is aimed to develop a public structure which coordinates some services rather than undertaking all of them itself.Thanks to the belief that efficiency of service provision will increase and its capacity meet high-quality service demand of the service users at the highest level, contracting-out, one of the privatization methods, has started to be used widely in the public administration. Contracting-out brings some opportunities like cost saving and efficiency, increasing competition and high-quality service provision and increasing accountability and participation, specialization, flexibility on one hand and brings some challenges like private sector seeking only profit, difficulties in application of the contracting out method and lack of technical personnel, possible resistance to the contracts and increase in corruption and fraud on the other hand. Main aim of this study is to detect the conditions under which contracting-out can be beneficial in public administration and the conditions under which this method can turn into a cost element and to list the arguments in favour of and against the contracting-out method.

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