YERALTI SULARINDA PESTİSİT KİRLİLİĞİNİN PESTİSİT ÖZELLİKLERİ VE KULLANIM MİKTARLARI BAKI-MINDAN İRDELENMESİ

Ülkemizde son yıllarda yeraltı sularında (YAS) pestisit kalıntılarına rastlanması ve yeraltı suyuna ulaşan türlerin çevresel ortamlardaki akıbeti, önem taşıyan çevre sorunları arasındadır. Pestisitlerin yer altı sularına ulaşmasını belirleyen temel şartlar, toprağın hacimsel yoğunluğu, su ve organik karbon içerikleri, aşırı sulama ve yağış miktarı ve pestisitin adsorpsiyon oranı gibi durumlardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı ülkemizde yaygın kullanılan ve yeraltı sularında rastlanan belirli pestisit türlerinin özelliklerini, kullanım alanlarını ve miktarlarını göz önünde bulundurarak; sızma, adsorbe olma, degradasyon eğilimlerini irdelemek ve özellikle bölge tarımında yapılan yanlış uygulamaları da dikkate alarak oluşabilecek çevresel kirlilikleri tartışmaktır. Bu bağlamda, Chlorpyrıfos-Etil, Dichlorvos, Diflubenzuron, Ethalfluralin ve Fenbutatin oxide isimli beş pestisit türü incelenmiş ve yeraltı suyuna ulaşma riskleri tartışılmıştır. Aşırı sulama, gereksiz pestisit kullanımı ve pestisit ve toprak özelliklerinin YAS kirliliğinde oldukça etkili olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Investigation of the Effect of Pesticide Characteristics and Usage Amount on the Groundwater Pollution

The residual pesticides in groundwater in our country and the fate of leachable chemicals in the environment are among the important environmental problems in recent years. The conditions that determine the pesticide leaching to groundwater are the volumetric density of the soil, water and organic carbon contents, excessive irrigation and precipitation rate, and the adsorption rate of pesticides. The aim of this study is to examine the infiltration, adsorption and degradation tendency of pesticides that commonly used in our country taking into consideration their characteristics and quantities and to discuss the environmental contamination by taking into account the wrong practices in the agriculture of the region. In this context, five pesticide species named Chlorpyrifos-Ethyl, Dichlorvos, Diflubenzuron, Ethalfluralin and Fenbutatin oxide were investigated and the contamination risks on groundwater were discussed. It was concluded that excessive irrigation, unnecessary pesticide usage and pesticide and soil properties are highly effective on the groundwater pollution.

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