Yarı Kurak Bölgelerde Farklı Arazi Kullanımlarında Toprak Erozyon Duyarlılığının Belirlenmesi

İnsan etkileri nedeniyle arazi kullanımlarındaki uygun olmayan değişimler, ormanların veya meraların tahrip edilerek işlenen alanlara dönüştürülmesi bütün dünyada hala çok önemli bir problemi oluşturmaktadır. Arazi kullanım değişimleri bir çok doğal kaynak, yüzey akış ve erozyon gibi ekolojik süreçleri etkilemekte ve toprağın çevresel etkilere karşı direncini değiştirmektedir. Arazi kullanım şekli ve arazi örtüsü de toprakların erozyona olan duyarlılıklarını etkileyen en önemli faktörlerdendir. Farklı erozyon oluşturan güçlerin birlikte işleyebildiği yerlerde, farklı yüzey, hidrolojik koşullar ve ekim sistemleri altında oluşan çeşitli toprak erozyonu şekilleri yönünden kullanıldığında, toprak erozyon duyarlılığında bir miktar farklılık oluşabilmektedir. Bu parametre hem toprak agregat veya strüktürünün bozulması hem de bir eğim kesiti boyunca tanecik taşınma süreçleri açısından toprak duyarlılığını ortaya koyabilmektedir. Bu açıdan toprak erozyon duyarlılığı, erozyon ve çölleşme göstergeleri açısından önemli bir parametreyi oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Sakarya Havzası’na dahil olan İlhan Çayı Alt Havzası’nda yer alan yarı-kurak Asartepe Baraj Havzasında yoğun olarak işlenen aluviyal ve koluviyal tarım alanları ve mera alanında toprak erozyon duyarlılığı (K Faktörü) belirlenmiştir. Toprak örneklemeleri gridleme tekniği ile her bir alandan 256’şer adet alınmış ve K faktörü Nomograf eşitliği ile hesaplanmıştır. Çalışma sonuçları, bir eğim kesiti boyunca arazi kullanım şeklinin değişmesine bağlı olarak toprak özelliklerinin de önemli derecede değiştiğini ve bu değişimin K değerlerine yansıdığını göstermiştir. En yüksek K değeri mera alanında (0,0389 t/ha*ha/MJ*h/mm) bulunurken, bunu alüviyal (0,0302 t/ha*ha/MJ*h/mm) ve kolüviyal tarım alanları (0,0263 t/ha*ha/MJ*h/mm) izlemiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

toprak erozyonu, toprak erozyon duyarlılığı, arazi kullanım şekli, YETKE-K

Determination of Soil Erodibility in Different Land Uses of Semi-Arid Lands

Inappropriate changes in land uses due to human influences and converting forests or grassland to cultivated areas by destruction are still major problem all over the world. Land use changes affect many ecological processes such as natural sources, surface flow and erosion, and it changes resistance of soil to environmental influences. Land use and land cover are also most important factors affecting the susceptibility of the soil to erosion. There may be some differences in soil erodibility when it is used for different erosion forces and processes under different surface and hydrologic conditions and cultivation systems in places where different erosion-generating forces can co-operate. This parameter can reveal soil erodibility in terms of both breakdown of soil aggregation or structure and transport processes of soil particle along a slope section. In this respect, soil erodibility is an important parameter for erosion and desertification indicators. In this study, soil erodibility was determined in intensively cultivated alluvial and colluvial areas and grassland in semi-arid Asartepe Dam Basin located in İlhan Çayi sub-catchment of the Sakarya Basin. 256 Soil surface samples were taken using grid sampling method from each area and K factor was calculated by Nomograf equation. The study results showed that the soil properties changed significantly based on land use pattern changed along a slope, and this change reflected in the K values. While the highest K value (0,0389 t/ha*ha/MJ*h/mm) was found in grassland, it was followed by alluvial (0,0302 t/ha*ha/MJ*h/mm) and colluvial agricultural areas (0,0263 t/ha*ha/MJ*h/mm).

Keywords:

soil erosion, soil erodibility, land use, RUSLE-K,

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