Bazı Elma ve Armut Çeşitlerinde Fitokimyasal Özelliklerin Belirlenmesi

Bu çalışma bazı elma ve armut çeşitlerini fitokimyasal olarak karakterize etmek amacıyla 2017 ve 2018 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Araştırma sonucunda, türlere ait çeşitlerin ortalama değerleri incelendiğinde, titre edilebilir asit (TEA), Vitamin C, toplam fenol ve antioksidan aktivite (AOA) özelliklerinin elma türünde, suda çözünebilir kuru madde (SÇKM) ve pH değerlerinin ise armut türünde daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Elmalarda; TEA, Vitamin C, toplam fenol, AOA, SÇKM ve pH değerlerinin sırası ile %1.35 - % 0.34, 5.63 – 2.41 mg/100 mL, 494.8 – 158.68 mg/L, %78.23 – %55.94, %12.93 – %10.65, 3.73 – 3.00 aralıklarında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Armutta ise bu değerler; %0.5 – 0.13, 5.77 – 1.52 mg/100 mL, 334.76 – 103.49 mg/L, %78.43 – %11.93, %15.78 – %11.78, 4.87 – 3.47 sınırları içerisinde değişiklik göstermiştir. Her iki türde asitliğin artmasına paralel olarak, toplam fenol miktarı, Vitamin C ve antioksidan aktivitenin arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca yapılan korelasyon analizleri sonucunda, toplam fenol ve Vitamin C miktarında meydana gelen artışın antioksidan aktiviteyi arttırdığı bulunmuştur. ‘Jersey Mac’ incelenen özellikler bakımından diğer elma çeşitlerinden çok daha üstün bulunurken genel olarak erkenci çeşitlerin fitokimyasal olarak daha iyi özellikler barındığı sonucu ortaya çıkmıştır. Armut çeşitleri arasında ise ‘Limon’, ‘Santa Maria’, ‘Conference’ ve ‘Moonglow’ çeşitleri ön plana çıkmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen verilerin, hem tüketici tercihlerini hem de ıslah programlarında ebeveyn seçimini yönlendirebileceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Vitamin C, Toplam fenol, Korelasyon, Pyrus communis, Malus x domestica Bork

Determination of Phytochemical Characteristics of Some Apple and Pear Cultivars

This study was carried out in 2017 and 2018 with the aim of characterize some apple and pear varieties in terms of phytochemical characteristics. As a result of the study, when the average values of cultivars belong to species were examined, it was found that the properties of titreable acidity (TA), Vitamin C, total phenol and antioxidant activity (AOA) were higher in apple, while soluble solid content (SSC) and pH values were higher in pear. In apples, TA, Vitamin C, total phenol, AOA, SSC and pH values were determined in the range of %1.35 - % 0.34, 5.63 – 2.41 mg/100 mL, 494.8 – 158.68 mg/L, %78.23 – %55.94, %12.93 – %10.65, 3.73 – 3.00 respectively. In pears, these values varied between %0.5 – 0.13, 5.77 – 1.52 mg/100 mL, 334.76 – 103.49 mg/L, %78.43 – %11.93, %15.78 – %11.78, 4.87 – 3.47. It was detected that, total phenolic content, vitamin C and antioxidant activity was increased corresponding to increasing of the acidity in both species. In addition, as a consequence of the corelation analysis, antioxidant acitivity increased by rising of total phenolics and vitamin C content. It was found that ‘Jersey Mac’ was superior than the other apple cultivars in terms of investigated features, and early harvested cultivars had better phytochemical features, generally. ‘Limon’, ‘Santa Maria’, ‘Conference’ and ‘Moonglow’ cultivars were came into prominence among pear varieties. It was thought that, the data obtained from the study can lead the selection of parents in breeding programes and consumer preferences.

Keywords:

Correlation, Malus x domestica Borkh., Pyrus communis, Vitamin C,

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