Nadas-Buğday Ekim Nöbetinde Uygulanan Farklı İşleme Tekniklerinin Üretim Maliyeti Üzerine Etkilerinin İncelenmesi

Tarımda geliştirilen teknolojilerin, çiftçiler tarafından benimsenmesi ve uygulanabilirliği, agronomik çalışmalar için oldukça önemlidir. Farklı toprak işleme metotlarının birbirleri ile kıyas edildiği ekonomik çalışmalar sınırlı sayıdadır. Bu araştırmada, 2011-2017 yılları arasında yürütülen nadas-buğday ekim nöbeti sistemindeki üç farklı toprak işleme uygulamasının fiziki üretim girdi miktarları ve birim üretim maliyetlerinin tespiti amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma Polatlı Tarım İşletmesi arazisinde yürütülmüştür. Veriler, Geleneksel Toprak İşleme, Azaltılmış Toprak İşleme ve Doğrudan Ekim uygulamalarındaki üretim girdileridir. Ekonomik analizde, Tek Ürün Bütçe Analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Analizde, çiftçinin nadas-buğday ekim nöbeti sistemindeki üretim maliyetlerinin tamamı dikkate alınmıştır. Uygulamalar arasında en fazla Gayri Safi Üretim Değeri Geleneksel Toprak İşleme ($509.63 ha-1) uygulamasından elde edilmiştir. Sırasıyla bu uygulamayı Doğrudan Ekim ($486.13 ha-1) ve Azaltılmış Toprak İşleme ($421.92 ha-1) uygulamaları izlemiştir. Uygulamaların tamamında kâr eşiği aşılmış ve üretim faaliyetlerinin değişen ve toplam masrafları karşılanmıştır. En fazla nispi kar oranı Doğrudan Ekim (1.77) uygulamasında elde edilmiş, bunu sırasıyla Geleneksel Toprak İşleme (1.30) ve Azaltılmış Toprak İşleme (1.08) uygulamaları takip etmiştir. Buğday üretiminde 1 $’lık net gelirin elde edilmesi için, en düşük üretim masrafı Doğrudan Ekim uygulamasında elde edilmiştir. DS uygulaması ile ekonomik buğday üretiminin sağlanması, toprak yapısının korunması, girdi maliyetlerinin azaltılması ve değişen iklim koşullarında çiftçinin ekonomik bakımından daha az zarar görmesi sağlanabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Buğday ekim yöntemi, Nadas-buğday, Üretim maliyeti, Tek ürün analizi

The Effects of Different Tillage Techniques on the Production Costs in Fallow-Wheat Rotation System

The adoption and applicability of the technologies developed in agriculture by farmers are very important for agronomic studies. There are a limited number of economic studies comparing different tillage methods with each other. This study was conducted in the land of Polatlı Agricultural Enterprise between 2011 and 2017 to determine the amounts of physical production inputs and unit production costs of three different tillage operations in the fallow-wheat rotation system. The data consist of the production inputs in the Conventional Tillage, Minimum Tillage, and Direct Seeding practices. For the economic analysis, Single Product Budget Analysis was used. All the farmers’ production costs in the fallow-wheat rotation system were considered in the analysis. Among the practices, Gross Production Value (GPV) was obtained the most from the (509.63$ ha-1) practice. This practice was followed by Direct Seeding (486.13$ ha-1) and Minimum Tillage (421.92$ ha-1) practices, respectively. The profit threshold was exceeded in all practices, and production activities’ variable and total costs were fulfilled. The highest relative profit rate was obtained in Direct Seeding (1.77) practice, and it was followed by Conventional Tillage (1.30) and Minimum Tillage (1.08) practices, respectively. In order to obtain an income of $1 in wheat production, the lowest production cost was obtained in the Direct Seeding practice. With the Direct Seeding application, it can be ensured that economic wheat production, preservation of soil structure, reduction of input costs, and less economic damage to the farmer in changing climate conditions can be achieved.

Keywords:

Fallow-wheat, Production cost, Wheat planting method, Single product budget,

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