İlhanlı Astronomisinin Bizans ve Avrupa Astronomisine Etkisinde George Chioniades’in Rolü

Pontus Rum İmparatoru II. Aleksios Komnenos (1297-1330) tarafından desteklenen George Chioniades, İstanbul’dan Trabzon’a gelerek bilimsel ve kültürel çalışmalara katılmıştır. Astronomi alanında bilgisini artırmak için 1295 yılında İlhanlıların başkenti olan Tebrîz’e gitmiş ve Şemseddîn el-Vâbkanavî el-Buharî’nin ders halkasına katılmıştır. İki yıl Tebrîz’de kalmış ve el-Vâbkanavî’den astronomi dersleri almıştır. Tebrîz’de kaldığı sırada Arapça ve Farsçayı öğrenmiştir. 1299 (veya 1300) yılında astronomi içerikli eserler ile birlikte Trabzon’a ve daha sonra İstanbul’a geri dönmüştür. Chioniades’in Tebrîz’den getirerek Rumcaya çevirdiği eserlerin başında Abdurrahman el-Hâzinî’ye ait Zîc-i Sencerî, Nasîrüddîn et-Tûsî’nin koordinatörlüğünde yazılan Zîc-i İlhanî, Abdülkerim el-Fahhad’ın yazdığı Zîc-i ‘Alâ’i (Tablolarla Alâ’î’nin Astronomik El Kitabı) adlı eseri ve Şemseddîn el-Vâbkanavî el-Buharî’nin usturlaba ilişkin risalesi bulunmaktadır. 1310-1314 yılları arasında piskopos olarak Tebrîz’e ikinci kez giden Chioniades, İlhanlıların İslamiyet’i kabulü sonrasında geri dönmek zorunda kalmıştır. İlhanlı astronomisinin Bizans ve Avrupa astronomisini etkilemesinde önemli bir rolü oynamıştır. Özellikle ‘Tûsî Çifti’ni’ Bizans ve Venedik üzerinden Avrupa’ya Nikolas Kopernik’e ulaştırması Güneş merkezli yeni evren modelinin oluşmasına ortam oluşturmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Trabzon, George Chioniades, Tebrîz, Astronomi, İlhanlılar

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