Turizm Çalışanlarında İş Doyumu Ve Bütünleşme: Akış Kuramı Yaklaşımı

Keyif alınarak yapılan bir iş, gerçekten de kişinin işle bütünleşmesini sağlamakta ve doyumla sonuçlanmakta mıdır? Kişinin yaptığı işten doyum elde etmesinde bu süreç içinde akış yaşaması ve/veya kendini işine vermesi ve işle bütünleşmesi etkili midir? Bu sayede yapılan bir iş için optimal bir deneyim yaşanıp yaşanmadığı söylenebilir mi? Yapılan bu çalışma ile tüm bu sorulara cevap aranmaktadır. Çalışanlar bir işi yaparken yaptığı işe yoğunlaşmakta ve bu işten de derin bir haz duymaktadır. Bu derin haz duygusu, sarmalanma ve içsel motivasyon ile birlikte gerçekleşmekte ve kişinin doruk bir deneyim yaşamasını sağlamaktadır. Bu deneyimi yaşayan kişi ise kendini işine adamakta ve işinden haz almaktadır. Bu da iş doyumu ile sonuçlanarak, örgüt verimliliğine pozitif katkı sağlamaktadır. Diğer taraftan mevcut çalışma aynı zamanda, işte yaşanan akış deneyimi, işle bütünleşme ve iş doyumu arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesine yönelik bir model de önermektedir. 259 turizm çalışanı ile birlikte araştırma modeli test edilmiştir. Araştırma örneklemini, Kuşadası’nda faaliyet gösteren 4 ve 5 yıldızlı konaklama işletmeleri çalışanları oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın analiz sürecinde, SPSS veri analiz programı ile frekans analizi, güvenirlik analizi, açımlayıcı (keşfedici) faktör analizi, LISREL programı ile de doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, çalışanların içsel motivasyon, haz ve sarmalanma alt boyutlarıyla işte akış deneyimi gerçekleşmekte, bu da işle bütünleşmeyi ve işle bütünleşme de iş doyumunu anlamlı ve pozitif yönde etkilemektedir. Çalışmanın bazı sınırlılıkları bulunmaktadır. İşle bütünleşmenin bu çalışma kapsamında, Schaufeli ve Bakker (2003) tarafından geliştirilen UWES ölçeğinin kısa versiyonu ile ölçülmüş olmasıdır. Yine, bütünleşme ve sarmalanma kavramlarının ayrı yapılar olup olmadığı, sarmalanmanın boyut mu sonuç mu olduğu, odaklanılmış dikkat ile sarmalanma kavramlarının farklı yapılar olup olmadığı da araştırılması gereken konulardır. Tüm bu bulgular, ilgili literatür kapsamında değerlendirilip tartışılmış ve buradan yola çıkılarak, gelecek çalışmalar için önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

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