Kültürel Farklılıkların Yönetiminde İnsan Kaynakları Stratejilerinin Rolü: IKEA Örneği

Bilginin kaynakları ve çok faktörlü verimlilik (MFP) üzerindeki etkileri Ar-Ge çalışmalarının ana hedefi olmuştur. Ancak, ülkelerin MFP seviyeleri bilgi stokları dışındaki faktörlere duyarlı oldukları görülmektedir ki bu dahil edilmeyen değişkenler ülkeler arasindaki MFP’nin farklılıklarının esaslarını, büyüme oranlarını açıklamada önemli olabilirler. Ar-Ge teorilerine rakip olan teoriler, verimliliği etkileyen diğer fakörler teklif etmişlerdir; beşeri sermaye, kamu altyapı yatırımları, ihracat pazarlarına erişim (yaparak öğrenme), ithalat, doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar bunlaran bazılarıdır. Bu teoriler MFP’nin bu değişkenler tarafından nasıl etkilendiğini analiz etmişlerdir. Ancak, bunların hiçbiri hem bilimsel bilgi üreten hem de iktisat teorilerinde belirtilen verimliliği belirleyen kaynakların sağlamlığını birarada incelememişlerdir. Yerek MFP belirleyicileri, üniversite Ar-Ge stoğu ve rekabetçi verimlilik teorilerinde belirtilen değişkenler kullanılarak, 13 OECD ülkesi ve 1985-2005 yılları için tahmin edilmiştir. Sonuçlar göstermektedir ki, OECD ülkelerri genelinde homojen verimlilik ilişkisi olduğu varsayımı oldukça güçlü görünmektedir, çünkü tahmin edilen katsayılar çalışmadaki bütün ülkeler için farklı tahmin edilmiştir. Her ülkeye özgü parametreler görünürde ilişkisiz regresyon tekniği kullanılarak tahmin edilmiştir ve sadece üniversite Ar-Ge stoğu ve konjonktürel dalgalanmalar MFP’nin önemli belirleyicileri olarak genelleştirilebilir

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Üniversite Ar-Ge stoku, çok faktörlü verimlilik, amortisman oranı tahmini, görünürde ilişkisiz regresyon, katsayılarının heterojenliği

THE ROLE OF HUMAN RESOURCE STRATEGIES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CULTURAL DIFFERENCES: THE CASE OF IKEA

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