Adnan TAŞ, Erdem AKBAL, Erdem KOÇAK, Seyfettin KÖKLÜ

Halitosis in elderly patients

Amaç: Halitozis, hoş olmayan nefes kokusu olarak tanımlanır. Önceki çalışmalar, dispepsisi olan hastaların ağız kokusu ile gastroözofageal reflü ve Helikobakter Pilori ilişkisine odaklanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, yaşlı hasta-ların endoskopik bulguları ve ağız kokusu arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmayı amaçladık. Materyal ve Metot: Dispepsisi olan ve endoskopi yapılan 64 yaşlı (34 erkek, 30 kadın) hastayı çalışmaya aldık. Halitozisi olan (kendisi ve yakınları tarafından doğ-rulanan) hastalara daha ileri araştırmalar yapıldı. Lokal ve sistemik hastalığı olan hastalar ve endoskopide yapısal bozukluğu olanlar çalışma dışı bırakıldı. Bulgular: Halitozisi olan ve olmayan hastaların yaş ortalaması sırasıyla 75.9 ve 76.1 yıl idi. İki grup arasında yaş, sigara içme, epigastrik ağrı, şişkinlik, bulantı, retro-sternal yanma, regurjitasyon, öğürme ve endoskopik bulgular arasında fark yoktu. Halitozis, erkek hastalarda kadınlara göre anlamlı derecede yüksek saptandı. İki grupta endoskopik bulgular karşılaştırıldı. Sonuç: Üst gastrointestinal endoskopi yapılan dispepsili yaşlı hastalarda halitozis oranı yüksekti. Halitozisin, üst gastrointestinal sistem semptomlarıyla ve endoskopik bulgularla ilişkisi yoktu.

Yaşlı hastalarda halitosis

Aim: Halitosis is described an unpleasant breath. Previous studies have focused on the relationship between halitosis, gastroesophageal reflux disease and Helico-bacter pylori in the whole patients with dyspepsia. In this study we aimed to investigate the interaction between halitosis and endoscopic findings in elderly patients. Material and Method: Elderly 64 (34 males and 30 females) patients who had dyspepsia and had undergone endoscopic examination were included in the study. Patients who suffered from objective halitosis (confirmed by questions both to the patient and their relatives) were further investigated. Patients with known local or systemic causes of halitosis or structural disorders at endoscopy were excluded. Results: The patients with and without halitosis had mean ages of 75.9 and 76.1 years, respectively. There werent significant differences among the two groups with respect to age, smoking, epigastric pain, bloating, nausea, heartburn, regurgitation, retching and endoscopic findings. Male gender was predominant in halitosis group. Endoscopic findings were comparable in the two groups. Conclusion: The frequency of halitosis was high in elderly patients with dyspepsia who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Halitosis had no relationship with upper gastrointestinal symptoms and upper gastrointestinal endoscopic findings.

PDF

___

1. Dal Rio AC, Nicola EM, Teixeira AR. Halitosis an assessment protocol proposal. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2007;73(6):835-42.
2. Tárzia O. Halitose: um desafio que tem cura. 1st ed. Rio de Janeiro: Ed. de Publicações Biomédicas Ltda; 2003.
3. Van Steenberghe D. Breath Malodor a step-by-step approach. Quintessence Books 1st ed. Copenhagen; 2004.
4. Haraszthy VI, Gerber D, Clark B, Moses P, Parker C, Sreenivasan PK, et al. Characterization and prevalence of Solobacterium moorei associated with oral halitosis. J Breath Res 2008;2(1):017002.
5. Tonzetich J. Production and origin of oral malodor: a review of mechanisms and methods of analysis. J Periodontol 1977;48(1):13-20.
6. Hoshi K, Yamano Y, Mitsunaga A, Shimizu S, Kagawa J, Ogiuchi H. Gastrointestinal diseases and halitosis: association of gastric Helicobacter pylori infection. Int Dent J 2002;52(3):207-11.
7. Miyazaki H, Sakao S, Katoh Y, Takehara T. Correlation between volatile sulphur compounds and certain oral health measurements in the general population. Journal of Periodontology 1995;66 (8):67984.
8. Ansai T, Awano S, Soh I, Takata Y, Yoshida A, Hamasaki T, et al. Associations among hair loos, oral sulfur-containing gases, and gastrointestinal and metabolic linked diseases in Japanese elderly men: pilot study. BMC Public Health 2009;13(9):82.
9. Hoshi K, Yamano Y, Mitsunaga A, Shimizu S, Kagawa J, Ogiuchi H. Gastrointestinal diseases and halitosis: association of gastric Helicobacter pylori infection. Int Dent J 2002;52(3):20711.
10. Hoshi K, Yamano Y, Mitsunaga A, Shimizu S, Kagawa J, Ogiuchi H. Gastrointestinal diseases and halitosis: association of gastric Helicobacter pylori infection. Int Dent J 2002;52(3):207-11.
11. Kinberg S, Stein M, Zion N, Shaoul R. The gastrointestinal aspects of halitosis. Can J Gastroenterol 2010;24(9):552-6.
12. Marshall BJ, Armstrong JA, McGechie DB, Glancy RJ. Attempt to fulfill Koch s postulates for pyloric campylobacter. Med J Aust 1985;142(8) 436-39.
13. Iwakura M, Yasuno Y, Shimura M, Sakamoto S. Clinical characteristics of halitosis: Differences in two patient groups with primary and secondary complaints of halitosis. J Dent Res 1994;73(9):1568-74.