Risk Toleransı ve Para Yönetimi'ne Farklı Bir Yaklaşım: Dolaşan Zihnin Bireysel Finansman Üzerindeki Etkisi

Dolaşan zihin, geçmiş ya da gelecekle ilgili hayal ve düşünce atakları yoluyla konsantrasyonu bozan ve sonuç olarak da kişilerin o an yaptıkları işlerdeki performanslarını önemli ölçüde azaltan bir zihin halidir. İçinde bulunulan andan uzaklaşma durumu, bilinçli farkındalığı azaltır ve çoğu kez insanların kendilerini daha az mutlu hissetmelerine sebebiyet verir. Dolaşan zihin ile ilgili yapılan son çalışmalar genellikle okuma kalitesi, sürüş performansı, çalışma belleği yetenekleri ve ruh hali değişimlerine odaklanmıştır. Çalışmaların çoğunda; okuma hızının azalması, çarpma veya kaza ile sonuçlanabilen kötü sürüş deneyimleri, çalışma belleğinin performansının düşmesi ve daha az mutlu hissetme gibi olumsuz sonuçlar bulunmuştur. Örneğin, 80'in üzerinde ülkeden 250.000 kişi Killingsworth ve Gilbert’in araştırmasını yürütmek için yapılan bir akıllı telefon uygulaması yardımıyla analiz edilmiştir. Sıklıkla dolaşan zihin sendromu yaşayan kişilerin ya mutsuz ya da mutsuzluğa eğilimli olduğu sonucu, daha önce bu alanda yapılan çalışmaları adeta onaylar niteliktedir. Olumsuz taraflarının yanı sıra, bu zihin durumunun iyi yönleri olduğunu gösteren araştırmalar da vardır. Bazı bilim adamları, dolaşan zihnin eleştirel düşünceyi artırabileceği ve yaratıcı problem çözme yeteneklerini geliştirebileceğini tespit etmişlerdir. Öyle ki, bu çalışmalar çoğu sanatçının genellikle dolaşan zihinlerinin yardımıyla başarılı hale geldiklerini belirtmektedir. Odaklanmayı ve eleştirel düşünmeyi gerektiren bir başka alan da şüphesiz finansal kararlardır. İnsanlar geçmiş deneyimlerinden faydalanarak daha ümit vaad eden bir gelecek inşa etmeye çalışırlar. Bu çalışmada dolaşan zihnin para yönetimi ve risk toleransı üzerindeki yordama gücü, geleceğin yatırımcıları olarak kabul edilen finans öğrencileri üzerinde incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar, dolaşan zihnin katılımcıların risk toleransı (β = -. 55, p <.001) ve para yönetimini (β = -. 15, p <.05) olumsuz etkilediğini göstermektedir. Dolaşan zihin, risk toleransı varyansının % 31'i ve para yönetimi varyansının ise % 2'sini açıklamıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Davranışsal Finans, Dolaşan Zihin, Risk Toleransı, Yatırım Kararları

The Effect of Mind Wandering on Risk Tolerance and Money Management Behaviors

Mind-wandering is a state of mind which impairs concentration via vision and thought raids about past or future also pulls apart people from what they are doing, as a result creates an erosion of task performance. The divergence from presence decreases conscious awareness and in most cases people feel themselves less happy. Recent studies about mind-wandering mostly focused on reading quality, driving performance, working memory abilities and also on mood shifts. Results are mostly negative which are; decreasing of reading speed, poor driving experiences along with badly crashes, disrupted performance of working memory, and feeling less happy. 250,000 people from more than 80 countries were analyzed with the help of a smart phone application, which is just made to execute the Killingsworth and Gilbert’s research. The results approved what has already been found: people who have mind-wandering frequently are unhappy or prone to unhappiness. Aside from these negative sides, there are some researches that delivers there is a good side of this phenomenon too. A number of scientists found that mind-wandering can increase critical thinking and improve creative problem solving abilities. In fact, these studies mention that most artists become successful mostly with the help of their wandering minds. Another area which demands focus, and requies critical thinking is financial decisions. People tend to think about their past experiences and try to be able to build a colorful future. In this study the prediction role of mind wandering on money management and risk tolerance is investigated on finance students, which are accepted as future investors. The results show that wandering mind both effects risk tolerance and money management of participants negatively β=-.55, p< .001; β=-.15, p<.05 respectively. Also mind wandering explained 31% of the variance of risk tolerance and 2% of the variance of money management.

Keywords:

Behavioral Finance, Mind-Wandering, Risk Tolerance, Investment Decisions,

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